2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines.

The medical profession should play a central role in evaluating evidence related to drugs, devices, and procedures for detection, management, and prevention of disease. When properly applied, expert analysis of available data on the benefits and risks of these therapies and procedures can improve

[1]  W. F. Greenwood,et al.  The natural history of mitral stenosis. , 1954, Canadian Medical Association journal.

[2]  E. Verrier,et al.  Long-term outcome for the surgical treatment of infective endocarditis with a focus on intravenous drug users. , 2012, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[3]  A. Cribier,et al.  Effectiveness of percutaneous mechanical mitral commissurotomy using the metallic commissurotome in patients with restenosis after balloon or previous surgical commissurotomy. , 2003, The American journal of cardiology.

[4]  I. Ocaña,et al.  Effectiveness of Cloxacillin with and without Gentamicin in Short-Term Therapy for Right-Sided Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis , 1996, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[5]  C. Otto,et al.  Doppler echocardiographic findings in adults with severe symptomatic valvular aortic stenosis. Balloon Valvuloplasty Registry Echocardiographers. , 1991, The American journal of cardiology.

[6]  M. Levy,et al.  Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008 , 2007, Intensive Care Medicine.

[7]  M. Mack,et al.  Aortic valve and ascending aorta guidelines for management and quality measures. , 2013, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[8]  C. Eaton,et al.  Prevention of rheumatic fever and diagnosis and treatment of acute Streptococcal pharyngitis: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, the Interdisciplinary Council , 2009, Circulation.

[9]  D. Raoult,et al.  Management of infective endocarditis: challenges and perspectives , 2012, The Lancet.

[10]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Optimizing timing of surgical correction in patients with severe aortic regurgitation: role of symptoms. , 1997, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[11]  O. Bastien,et al.  Outcome of atrial fibrillation after mitral valve repair. , 1997, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[12]  P. Pellikka,et al.  Utility of stress Doppler echocardiography in patients undergoing percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy. , 2001, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[13]  U. V. von Oppell,et al.  Mitral valve surgery plus concomitant atrial fibrillation ablation is superior to mitral valve surgery alone with an intensive rhythm control strategy. , 2009, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[14]  K. Harada,et al.  Physiologic multivalvular regurgitation during pregnancy: a longitudinal Doppler echocardiographic study. , 1993, International journal of cardiology.

[15]  S. Hosoda,et al.  Pre-operative atrial fibrillation as the key determinant of outcome of mitral valve repair for degenerative mitral regurgitation. , 2005, European heart journal.

[16]  B. Lytle,et al.  Outcomes after surgical treatment of native and prosthetic valve infective endocarditis. , 2012, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[17]  W. Sawyer,et al.  Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in the management of pregnant women with mitral stenosis. , 1990, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[18]  F. Maisano,et al.  Incidence and Predictors of Early and Late Mortality After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in 663 Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis , 2011, Circulation.

[19]  Randolph P. Martin,et al.  Comparison of transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography for detection of abnormalities of prosthetic and bioprosthetic valves in the mitral and aortic positions. , 1993, The American journal of cardiology.

[20]  D J Wheatley,et al.  Twenty year comparison of a Bjork-Shiley mechanical heart valve with porcine bioprostheses , 2003, Heart.

[21]  C. Higgins,et al.  Noninvasive evaluation of mitral regurgitation by analysis of left atrial signal loss in cine magnetic resonance. , 1989, American heart journal.

[22]  J. Pepper,et al.  Risk stratification in asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis: a critical appraisal. , 2012, European Heart Journal.

[23]  J. Seward,et al.  Continuous wave Doppler determination of right ventricular pressure: a simultaneous Doppler-catheterization study in 127 patients. , 1985, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[24]  S. Armstrong,et al.  Aortic valve sparing operations: an update. , 1999, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[25]  P. Varadarajan,et al.  Survival benefit of aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic stenosis with low ejection fraction and low gradient with normal ejection fraction. , 2008, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[26]  Michael V. Green,et al.  Reversal of left ventricular dysfunction after aortic valve replacement for chronic aortic regurgitation: influence of duration of preoperative left ventricular dysfunction. , 1984, Circulation.

[27]  E. Tay,et al.  Transcatheter closure of paravalvular defects using a purpose-specific occluder. , 2010, JACC. Cardiovascular interventions.

[28]  I. Ringqvist,et al.  Effect of coronary bypass surgery on survival patterns in subsets of patients with left main coronary artery disease. Report of the Collaborative Study in Coronary Artery Surgery (CASS). , 1981, The American journal of cardiology.

[29]  S. Jensen,et al.  A randomized double-blind study of epicardial left atrial cryoablation for permanent atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery: the SWEDish Multicentre Atrial Fibrillation study (SWEDMAF). , 2007, European heart journal.

[30]  S. Kent,et al.  Importance of transesophageal echocardiography in the evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. , 2005, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[31]  J. Thorp,et al.  Perinatal Factors Predicting Severe Intracranial Hemorrhage , 1997, American journal of perinatology.

[32]  M. Lazzari,et al.  Low-intensity oral anticoagulation plus low-dose aspirin versus high-intensity oral anticoagulation alone: a randomized trial in patients with mechanical prosthetic heart valves. , 1997, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[33]  K. Lindner,et al.  Effect of Phenylephrine Bolus Administration on Global Left Ventricular Function in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Patients with Valvular Aortic Stenosis , 1993, Anesthesiology.

[34]  G. Karthikeyan,et al.  Accelerated Infusion of Streptokinase for the Treatment of Left-Sided Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial , 2009, Circulation.

[35]  D. Low,et al.  Prospective assessment of risk of bacteremia with colonoscopy and polypectomy , 1987, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

[36]  S. Mehta,et al.  Warfarin after bioprosthetic aortic valve implantation. , 2012, JAMA.

[37]  S. Lerakis,et al.  Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and endocarditis: the Grady Memorial Hospital experience with methicillin-sensitive S aureus and methicillin-resistant S aureus bacteremia. , 2004, American heart journal.

[38]  W. Kannel,et al.  A general cardiovascular risk profile: the Framingham Study. , 1976, The American journal of cardiology.

[39]  S. Hammami,et al.  Percutaneous balloon mitral commissurotomy during pregnancy. , 1997, Heart.

[40]  J. Francis,et al.  Direct and indirect quantification of mitral regurgitation with cardiovascular magnetic resonance, and the effect of heart rate variability , 2010, Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine.

[41]  Saptarsi M. Haldar,et al.  Infective endocarditis: diagnosis and management , 2006, Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine.

[42]  S. Borzak,et al.  How safely and for how long can warfarin therapy be withheld in prosthetic heart valve patients hospitalized with a major hemorrhage? , 2001, Chest.

[43]  S. Yun,et al.  Comparison of Early Surgery Versus Conventional Treatment in Asymptomatic Severe Mitral Regurgitation , 2009, Circulation.

[44]  S. Armstrong,et al.  A comparison of outcomes of mitral valve repair for degenerative disease with posterior, anterior, and bileaflet prolapse. , 2005, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[45]  James D. Thomas,et al.  Hemodynamic evaluation of severe tricuspid regurgitation. , 2013, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[46]  S. Yun,et al.  Early Surgery Versus Conventional Treatment in Asymptomatic Very Severe Aortic Stenosis , 2010, Circulation.

[47]  E. Rapaport,et al.  Presentation, management, and follow-up evaluation of infective endocarditis in drug addicts. , 1981, American heart journal.

[48]  M. Dinubile,et al.  Short-Course Antibiotic Therapy for Right-Sided Endocarditis Caused by Staphylococcus aureus in Injection Drug Users , 1994, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[49]  S. Siu,et al.  Outcomes in adults with bicuspid aortic valves. , 2008, JAMA.

[50]  Paolo Prandoni,et al.  Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. , 2012, Chest.

[51]  N. Pandian,et al.  Quantitation of Right Ventricular Volumes and Ejection Fraction by Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography in Patients: Comparison with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Radionuclide Ventriculography , 2006, Echocardiography.

[52]  F. R. Rosendaal,et al.  Thromboembolic and Bleeding Complications in Patients With Mechanical Heart Valve Prostheses , 1994, Circulation.

[53]  Laura Mauri,et al.  2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. , 2011, Circulation.

[54]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Secular trends in coronary atherosclerosis--analysis in patients with valvular regurgitation. , 1996, The New England journal of medicine.

[55]  J Valk,et al.  Evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging for determination of left ventricular ejection fraction and comparison with angiography. , 1988, The American journal of cardiology.

[56]  Kjell Alestig,et al.  Pacemaker Endocarditis During 18 Years in Göteborg , 2004, Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases.

[57]  Benjamin R. Szwejkowski,et al.  The impact of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade on heart failure outcomes and mortality in patients identified to have aortic regurgitation: a large population cohort study. , 2011, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[58]  L Goldman,et al.  Multifactorial index of cardiac risk in noncardiac surgical procedures. , 1977, The New England journal of medicine.

[59]  A. Maurer,et al.  Hemodynamic predictors of outcome in patients undergoing valve replacement. , 1986, Circulation.

[60]  C. Indolfi,et al.  LOWERing the INtensity of oral anticoaGulant Therapy in patients with bileaflet mechanical aortic valve replacement: results from the "LOWERING-IT" Trial. , 2010, American heart journal.

[61]  A. Lopes,et al.  Prognostic factors of rheumatic mitral stenosis during pregnancy and puerperium. , 2000, Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia.

[62]  R. Bonow,et al.  Preoperative Exercise Capacity in Symptomatic Patients with Aortic Regurgitation as a Predictor of Postoperative Left Ventricular Function and Long‐term Prognosis , 1980, Circulation.

[63]  E. Foster,et al.  Acute and 12-month results with catheter-based mitral valve leaflet repair: the EVEREST II (Endovascular Valve Edge-to-Edge Repair) High Risk Study. , 2012, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[64]  D. Low,et al.  Risk of bacteremia with endoscopic sphincterotomy. , 1987, Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie.

[65]  R. Bryg,et al.  Effect of pregnancy on pressure gradient in mitral stenosis. , 1989, The American journal of cardiology.

[66]  D. Murdoch,et al.  Association between valvular surgery and mortality among patients with infective endocarditis complicated by heart failure. , 2011, JAMA.

[67]  R. Bonow,et al.  Atrial fibrillation ablation in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. , 2012, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[68]  T. Sundt,et al.  Is early anticoagulation with warfarin necessary after bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement? , 2005, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[69]  M. Lazzari,et al.  Anticoagulation in pregnant women with mechanical heart valve prostheses , 1999, Heart.

[70]  D. Hagler,et al.  Long-term follow-up of percutaneous repair of paravalvular prosthetic regurgitation. , 2011, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[71]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Survival implication of left ventricular end-systolic diameter in mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflets a long-term follow-up multicenter study. , 2009, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[72]  J. Hung,et al.  Differential left ventricular remodelling and longitudinal function distinguishes low flow from normal-flow preserved ejection fraction low-gradient severe aortic stenosis. , 2013, European heart journal.

[73]  K. Vasishta,et al.  Pregnancy in association with mitral valve prolapse. , 2010, Asia-Oceania journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[74]  B. Seifert,et al.  Outcome of cardiovascular surgery and pregnancy: a systematic review of the period 1984-1996. , 1998, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[75]  A. DeMaria,et al.  Fibrinolysis of mechanical prosthetic valve thrombosis: a single-center study of 127 cases. , 2003, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[76]  Cathy A Petti,et al.  Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and endocarditis. , 2003, Cardiology clinics.

[77]  D. Harken,et al.  Fifteen‐to Twenty‐Year Study of One Thousand Patients Undergoing Closed Mitral Valvuloplasty , 1973, Circulation.

[78]  A H Harken,et al.  A practical approach to prosthetic valve endocarditis. , 1987, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[79]  P. López-Saura,et al.  Thrombolysis as first choice therapy in prosthetic heart valve thrombosis. A study of 68 patients , 2006, Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis.

[80]  J. Vandenbroucke,et al.  Optimal oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with mechanical heart valves. , 1995, The New England journal of medicine.

[81]  M. Ionescu,et al.  Clinical durability of the pericardial xenograft valve: ten years experience with mitral replacement. , 1982, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[82]  E. Blackstone,et al.  Success of surgical left atrial appendage closure: assessment by transesophageal echocardiography. , 2008, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[83]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Effect of losartan on degree of mitral regurgitation quantified by echocardiography. , 2001, The American journal of cardiology.

[84]  S. Nakatani,et al.  Early and late stroke after mitral valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis: risk factor analysis of a 24-year experience. , 2003, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[85]  K. Bailey,et al.  Natural history of moderate aortic stenosis. , 1991, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[86]  J. Carroll,et al.  Chronic mitral regurgitation: predictive value of preoperative echocardiographic indexes of left ventricular function and wall stress. , 1984, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[87]  Philippe Pibarot,et al.  Paradoxical Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Severe Aortic Stenosis Despite Preserved Ejection Fraction Is Associated With Higher Afterload and Reduced Survival , 2007 .

[88]  Caroline Petitjean,et al.  Diagnostic accuracy and variability of three semi-quantitative methods for assessing right ventricular systolic function from cardiac MRI in patients with acquired heart disease , 2011, European Radiology.

[89]  S. Cosgrove,et al.  Erratum: Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children (Clinical Infectious Diseases (2011) 52:3 (e18-e55)) , 2011 .

[90]  Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation Long-Term Outcome and Prognostic Implications With Quantitative Doppler Assessment , 2001 .

[91]  T. Wisenbaugh,et al.  Six month pilot study of captopril for mildly symptomatic, severe isolated mitral and isolated aortic regurgitation. , 1994, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[92]  R. Erbel,et al.  Diagnosis of culture-negative endocarditis: the role of the Duke criteria and the impact of transesophageal echocardiography. , 2001, American heart journal.

[93]  D. Capodanno,et al.  Dual antiplatelet therapy versus aspirin alone in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. , 2011, The American journal of cardiology.

[94]  V. Fuster,et al.  Guidelines for management of left-sided prosthetic valve thrombosis: a role for thrombolytic therapy. Consensus Conference on Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis. , 1997, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[95]  G. Aurigemma,et al.  Managing asymptomatic patients with chronic mitral regurgitation. , 1995, Chest.

[96]  P. Gast.  Endorectal ultrasound in infectious colitis may predict development of chronic colitis. , 1999, Endoscopy.

[97]  S. Choo,et al.  Mild-to-moderate functional tricuspid regurgitation in patients undergoing valve replacement for rheumatic mitral disease: the influence of tricuspid valve repair on clinical and echocardiographic outcomes , 2011, Heart.

[98]  A. Panneerselvam,et al.  Acute severe mitral regurgitation following balloon mitral valvotomy: Echocardiographic features, operative findings, and outcome in 50 surgical cases , 2013, Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions.

[99]  Y. D'udekem,et al.  Long-term results of operation for paravalvular abscess. , 1996, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[100]  M E Ellis,et al.  Fungal endocarditis: evidence in the world literature, 1965-1995. , 2001, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[101]  N. Obuchowski,et al.  Accuracy and interobserver concordance of echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular size and systolic function: a quality control exercise. , 2012, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[102]  A. Bogers,et al.  Surgery in current therapy for infective endocarditis , 2011, Vascular health and risk management.

[103]  C. Asher,et al.  Accuracy of Transthoracic Echocardiography for the Measurement of the Ascending Aorta: Comparison With Transesophageal Echocardiography , 2010, Clinical cardiology.

[104]  Bruno Hoen,et al.  Staphylococcus aureus native valve infective endocarditis: report of 566 episodes from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis Merged Database. , 2005, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[105]  W. Branche,et al.  The occurrence of bacteremia after esophageal dilation. , 1975, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[106]  P. Pibarot,et al.  Usefulness of exercise-stress echocardiography for risk stratification of true asymptomatic patients with aortic valve stenosis , 2010, European heart journal.

[107]  Patricia Muñoz,et al.  Contemporary clinical profile and outcome of prosthetic valve endocarditis. , 2007, JAMA.

[108]  M. Ruel,et al.  Long-term evaluation of biological versus mechanical prosthesis use at reoperative aortic valve replacement. , 2012, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[109]  S. Shrivastava,et al.  Immediate haemodynamic effects of a beta adrenergic blocking agent-propranolol-in mitral stenosis at fixed heart rates. , 1972, British heart journal.

[110]  A. Dellipiani,et al.  The Incidence of Bacteremia after Outpatient Hurst Bougienage in the Management of Benign Esophageal Stricture , 1983, Endoscopy.

[111]  S. Hammami,et al.  Percutaneous balloon versus surgical closed and open mitral commissurotomy: seven-year follow-up results of a randomized trial. , 1998, Circulation.

[112]  C. Watanakunakorn.  Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis at a community teaching hospital, 1980 to 1991. An analysis of 106 cases. , 1994, Archives of internal medicine.

[113]  M. Mack,et al.  The heart team of cardiovascular care. , 2013, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[114]  S. Vyse,et al.  Appropriateness Criteria Are an Imprecise Measure for Repeat Echocardiograms , 2011, Echocardiography.

[115]  Andrew Wang,et al.  SY.3.1 CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOME OF INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS INVOLVING IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC DEVICES , 2013 .

[116]  L. Cohn,et al.  Surgery for mitral regurgitation. , 1988, JAMA.

[117]  Kent R Bailey,et al.  A systematic review of population-based studies of infective endocarditis. , 2007, Chest.

[118]  H. Mølgaard,et al.  Failure of clinical features of low probability endocarditis. The early echo remains essential , 2011, Scandinavian cardiovascular journal : SCJ.

[119]  V. Fowler,et al.  Proposed modifications to the Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. , 2000, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[120]  G. Stellin,et al.  Surgical repair of congenital mitral valve malformations in infancy and childhood: a single-center 36-year experience. , 2010, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[121]  O. Alfieri,et al.  Dynamic assessment of 'valvular reserve capacity' in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. , 2012, European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging.

[122]  K A Eagle,et al.  Diagnostic imaging in the evaluation of suspected aortic dissection. Old standards and new directions. , 1993, The New England journal of medicine.

[123]  N. V. van Hemel,et al.  A randomized study of combining maze surgery for atrial fibrillation with mitral valve surgery. , 2003, The Journal of cardiovascular surgery.

[124]  Randolph P. Martin,et al.  Improvement in the diagnosis of abscesses associated with endocarditis by transesophageal echocardiography. , 1991, The New England journal of medicine.

[125]  J. M. Kioschos,et al.  Clinical, haemodynamic, and coronary angiographic correlates of angina pectoris in patients with severe aortic valve disease. , 1975, British heart journal.

[126]  L. Cohn,et al.  Rapid noninvasive diagnosis and surgical repair of acute ascending aortic dissection. Improved survival with less angiography. , 1994, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[127]  O. Bech-Hanssen,et al.  ECG-gated computed tomography: a new role for patients with suspected aortic prosthetic valve endocarditis , 2012, European Radiology.

[128]  S. Nashef,et al.  Role of concomitant tricuspid surgery in moderate functional tricuspid regurgitation in patients undergoing left heart valve surgery. , 2013, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[129]  D. Singer,et al.  Antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). , 2008, Chest.

[130]  Chih-Hsin Hsu,et al.  Judicious use of transthoracic echocardiography in infective endocarditis screening. , 2009, The Canadian journal of cardiology.

[131]  R. Bergemann,et al.  Thromboembolic and bleeding complications following St. Jude Medical valve replacement: results of the German Experience With Low-Intensity Anticoagulation Study. , 2005, Chest.

[132]  J. Carapetis.  Rheumatic heart disease in developing countries. , 2007, The New England journal of medicine.

[133]  R. Popp,et al.  The Use of Echocardiography in Diagnosing Culture‐negative Endocarditis , 1981, Circulation.

[134]  J. Chambers,et al.  Intensive lipid lowering with simvastatin and ezetimibe in aortic stenosis. , 2008, The New England journal of medicine.

[135]  M. Yacoub,et al.  Surgical treatment of active native aortic valve endocarditis with allografts and mechanical prostheses. , 2009, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[136]  J. Carpenter,et al.  Anticoagulation in prosthetic valve endocarditis. , 1983, Southern medical journal.

[137]  D. McGiffin,et al.  Aortic valve infection. Risk factors for death and recurrent endocarditis after aortic valve replacement. , 1992, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[138]  C. Borden,et al.  Mitral Stenosis: A Long Term Postoperative Follow-Up , 1967 .

[139]  D. Faxon,et al.  ACC/AHA/ASE 2003 guideline update for the clinical application of echocardiography--summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/ASE Committee to Update the 1997 Guidelines for the Clinical Application of Echoca , 2003, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[140]  R. Gaeta,et al.  Aortic valve infective endocarditis: could multi-detector CT scan be proposed for routine screening of concomitant coronary artery disease before surgery? , 2009, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[141]  G. Cranney,et al.  Real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography for the evaluation of rheumatic mitral stenosis. , 2011, JACC. Cardiovascular imaging.

[142]  B. Mulder,et al.  Risk of complications during pregnancy in women with congenital aortic stenosis. , 2006, International journal of cardiology.

[143]  B. Pitt,et al.  The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. , 1999, The New England journal of medicine.

[144]  D. Holmes,et al.  Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. , 1990, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[145]  J. Ramires,et al.  Ten-year clinical laboratory follow-up after application of a symptom-based therapeutic strategy to patients with severe chronic aortic regurgitation of predominant rheumatic etiology. , 2003, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[146]  J. Zamorano,et al.  European Association of Echocardiography recommendations for the assessment of valvular regurgitation. Part 2: mitral and tricuspid regurgitation (native valve disease). , 2010, European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology.

[147]  V. Fuster,et al.  Mitral valvuloplasty is superior to valve replacement for preservation of left ventricular function: An intraoperative two-dimensional echocardiography study , 1987 .

[148]  K. Müller,et al.  Efficacy of an additional MAZE procedure using cooled-tip radiofrequency ablation in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and mitral valve disease. A randomized, prospective trial. , 2002, European heart journal.

[149]  C. Tribouilloy,et al.  Outcome after aortic valve replacement for low-flow/low-gradient aortic stenosis without contractile reserve on dobutamine stress echocardiography. , 2009, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[150]  J. Puskas,et al.  Surgical Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Cardiac Surgery a Consensus Statement of the International Society of Minimally Invasive Cardiothoracic Surgery (ISMICS) 2009 , 2010, Innovations.

[151]  S. Armstrong,et al.  The risk and outcomes of reoperative tricuspid valve surgery. , 2013, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[152]  W. Mali,et al.  Diagnostic evaluation of left-sided prosthetic heart valve dysfunction , 2011, Nature Reviews Cardiology.

[153]  A. Pavie,et al.  Intraatrial insertion of a mitral prosthesis in a destroyed or calcified mitral annulus. , 1994, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[154]  John M. Clements,et al.  Routine left atrial appendage ligation during cardiac surgery may prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation-related cerebrovascular accident. , 2013, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[155]  D. Wood,et al.  Long-term outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: insights on prognostic factors and valve durability from the Canadian multicenter experience. , 2012, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[156]  Robert Bauernschmitt,et al.  Prediction of valve prosthesis–patient mismatch prior to aortic valve replacement: which is the best method? , 2006, Heart.

[157]  Susheel Kodali,et al.  ranscatheter Aortic Valve Implantation eview of the Nature , Management , and Avoidance of Procedural Complications , 2022 .

[158]  K. Serri,et al.  Thrombosis of prosthetic heart valves: diagnosis and therapeutic considerations , 2006, Heart.

[159]  P. Varadarajan,et al.  Effect of beta-blocker therapy on survival in patients with severe aortic regurgitation results from a cohort of 756 patients. , 2009, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[160]  H. Matsuda,et al.  Preoperative left ventricular function: minimal requirement for successful late results of valve replacement for aortic regurgitation. , 1987, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[161]  D. Goff,et al.  Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association: a guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardi , 2007, Journal of the American Dental Association.

[162]  J. Hirsh,et al.  Management of anticoagulation before and after elective surgery. , 1997, The New England journal of medicine.

[163]  G. Lip,et al.  Atenolol and fetal growth in pregnancies complicated by hypertension. , 1999, American journal of hypertension.

[164]  L. Daliento,et al.  Natural and post-surgical history of mitral stenosis and mitral stenosis and insufficiency: an observational study. , 1985, Acta cardiologica.

[165]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Echocardiographic prediction of left ventricular function after correction of mitral regurgitation: results and clinical implications. , 1994, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[166]  Jayant Nath,et al.  Impact of tricuspid regurgitation on long-term survival. , 2004, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[167]  I. Piña,et al.  Exercise and heart failure: A statement from the American Heart Association Committee on exercise, rehabilitation, and prevention. , 2003, Circulation.

[168]  L. Baddour,et al.  Incidence of Infective Endocarditis Caused by Viridans Group Streptococci Before and After Publication of the 2007 American Heart Association's Endocarditis Prevention Guidelines , 2012, Circulation.

[169]  J. Ware,et al.  Observations on the Optimum Time for Operative Intervention for Aortic Regurgitation: II. Serial Echocardiographic Evaluation of Asymptomatic Patients , 1980, Circulation.

[170]  K S Pieper,et al.  Balloon aortic valvuloplasty in adults: failure of procedure to improve long-term survival. , 1995, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[171]  T. Sundt,et al.  Fate of nonreplaced sinuses of Valsalva in bicuspid aortic valve disease. , 2011, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[172]  H. Akashi,et al.  Obstruction of St Jude Medical valves in the aortic position: significance of a combination of cineradiography and echocardiography. , 2000, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[173]  U. Elkayam,et al.  Risks of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition during pregnancy: experimental and clinical evidence, potential mechanisms, and recommendations for use. , 1994, The American journal of medicine.

[174]  S. Saba,et al.  Perioperative risk of noncardiac surgery associated with aortic stenosis. , 2005, The American journal of cardiology.

[175]  M. Lipton,et al.  The VA cooperative randomized study of surgery for coronary arterial occlusive disease II. Subgroup with significant left main lesions. , 1976, Circulation.

[176]  O. Hess,et al.  Spontaneous course of aortic valve disease. , 1987, European heart journal.

[177]  V. Fowler,et al.  Prevalence of infective endocarditis in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: the value of screening with echocardiography. , 2011, European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology.

[178]  F. Spencer,et al.  Long-term results of open radical mitral commissurotomy: ten year follow-up study of 202 patients. , 1981, The American journal of cardiology.

[179]  M. Quiñones,et al.  Differentiating thrombus from pannus formation in obstructed mechanical prosthetic valves: an evaluation of clinical, transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiographic parameters. , 1998, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[180]  M. Czerny,et al.  Ten-year comparison of pericardial tissue valves versus mechanical prostheses for aortic valve replacement in patients younger than 60 years of age. , 2012, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[181]  J. Bavaria,et al.  Predictors of Mortality and Outcomes of Therapy in Low-Flow Severe Aortic Stenosis: A Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves (PARTNER) Trial Analysis , 2013, Circulation.

[182]  S. Rahimtoola,et al.  Nifedipine in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular function. , 1994, The New England journal of medicine.

[183]  Chief,et al.  Multi-disciplinary valve clinics with devolved surveillance: a two-year audit , 2011 .

[184]  L. Nifong,et al.  Fifteen-year experience with minimally invasive approach for reoperations involving the mitral valve. , 2012, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[185]  Roy Feldman,et al.  Dental and Cardiac Risk Factors for Infective Endocarditis: A Population-Based, Case-Control Study , 1998, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[186]  A. Sniderman,et al.  Severe Mitral Regurgitation , 2000 .

[187]  J. McGhie,et al.  Right ventricular quantification in clinical practice: two-dimensional vs. three-dimensional echocardiography compared with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. , 2011, European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology.

[188]  A. Schlitt,et al.  Clopidogrel and aspirin in the prevention of thromboembolic complications after mechanical aortic valve replacement (CAPTA). , 2003, Thrombosis research.

[189]  K. Olesen.  THE NATURAL HISTORY OF 271 PATIENTS WITH MITRAL STENOSIS UNDER MEDICAL TREATMENT , 1962, British heart journal.

[190]  M. Jv,et al.  Beta-blockade and exercise capacity in patients with mitral stenosis in sinus rhythm. , 2002 .

[191]  C. Tribouilloy,et al.  Low‐Gradient Aortic Stenosis Operative Risk Stratification and Predictors for Long‐Term Outcome: A Multicenter Study Using Dobutamine Stress Hemodynamics , 2003, Circulation.

[192]  R. Erbel,et al.  Intraoperative Evaluation of Reconstruction of the Atrio ventricular Valves by Transesophageal Echocardiography , 1987, The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon.

[193]  J. Ansell,et al.  Low molecular weight heparin for the prophylaxis of thromboembolism in women with prosthetic mechanical heart valves during pregnancy , 2004, Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

[194]  Susan Armstrong,et al.  Twenty-year results of the Hancock II bioprosthesis. , 2006, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[195]  B. T. le Roux,et al.  Balloon valvuloplasty versus closed commissurotomy for pliable mitral stenosis: a prospective hemodynamic study. , 1991, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[196]  L. Cohn,et al.  Aortic valve endocarditis. Determinants of early survival and late morbidity. , 1994, Circulation.

[197]  Didier Raoult,et al.  Blood Culture-Negative Endocarditis in a Reference Center: Etiologic Diagnosis of 348 Cases , 2005, Medicine.

[198]  Kazushige Inoue,et al.  Simple supra-annular prosthesis insertion for dialysis patients with extensive mitral annular calcification. , 2011, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[199]  M. Pearle,et al.  Best practice policy statement on urologic surgery antimicrobial prophylaxis. , 2008, The Journal of urology.

[200]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Recovery of left ventricular function after surgical correction of mitral regurgitation caused by leaflet prolapse. , 2009, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[201]  M. Fariñas,et al.  Clinical course and predictors of death in prosthetic valve endocarditis over a 20-year period. , 2010, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[202]  M. Simon,et al.  Prognostic Importance of Quantitative Exercise Doppler Echocardiography in Asymptomatic Valvular Aortic Stenosis , 2005, Circulation.

[203]  Mario J. Garcia,et al.  When is concomitant aortic valve replacement indicated in patients with mild to moderate stenosis undergoing coronary revascularization? , 2005, Current cardiology reports.

[204]  S. Elbers,et al.  Mitral valve surgery and atrial fibrillation: is atrial fibrillation surgery also needed? , 2000, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[205]  D. Kanon,et al.  Importance of preoperative hypertrophy, wall stress and end-systolic dimension as echocardiographic predictors of normalization of left ventricular dilatation after valve replacement in chronic aortic insufficiency. , 1982, The American journal of cardiology.

[206]  Sara E Cosgrove,et al.  Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children. , 2011, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[207]  K. J. Grande-Allen,et al.  Calcific Aortic Valve Disease : Not Simply a Degenerative Process A Review and Agenda for Research from the National Heart and Lung and Blood Institute Aortic Stenosis Working Group , 2012 .

[208]  Susan Armstrong,et al.  Late hemodynamic and clinical outcomes of aortic valve replacement with the Carpentier-Edwards Perimount pericardial bioprosthesis. , 2002, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[209]  J. Ambrose,et al.  Cardiac catheterization and selective coronary angiography in ascending aortic aneurysm or dissection. , 1994, Catheterization and cardiovascular diagnosis.

[210]  G. Melina,et al.  Prophylactic tricuspid annuloplasty in patients with dilated tricuspid annulus undergoing mitral valve surgery. , 2012, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[211]  D. Aeppli,et al.  Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on mitral regurgitation severity, left ventricular size, and functional capacity. , 2005, American heart journal.

[212]  Rajul A. Patel,et al.  Reduction in Warfarin Adverse Events Requiring Patient Hospitalization After Implementation of a Pharmacist‐Managed Anticoagulation Service , 2005, Pharmacotherapy.

[213]  E. Blackstone,et al.  Moderate tricuspid regurgitation with left-sided degenerative heart valve disease: to repair or not to repair? , 2012, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[214]  K. Chan,et al.  Aortic aneurysm in patients with functionally normal or minimally stenotic bicuspid aortic valve. , 1991, The American journal of cardiology.

[215]  P. D. Cahill,et al.  Physiologic role of the mitral apparatus in left ventricular regional mechanics, contraction synergy, and global systolic performance. , 1989, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[216]  B. Kemkes,et al.  Infective endocarditis complicated by paravalvular abscess: a surgical challenge. An 11-year single center experience. , 2010, The heart surgery forum.

[217]  L. Pierard,et al.  Exercise Pulmonary Hypertension in Asymptomatic Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation , 2010, Circulation.

[218]  Christopher B. Kendall,et al.  Parachute Mitral Valve in Adults—A Systematic Overview , 2010, Echocardiography.

[219]  C. Oakley,et al.  Outcome of pregnancy in women with valve prostheses. , 1994, British heart journal.

[220]  M. Schemper,et al.  Natural History of Very Severe Aortic Stenosis , 2010, Circulation.

[221]  S. Harikrishnan,et al.  Comparison of percutaneous transmitral commissurotomy with Inoue balloon technique and metallic commissurotomy: immediate and short-term follow-up results of a randomized study. , 2002, American heart journal.

[222]  Rosario V. Freeman,et al.  Spectrum of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: Pathogenesis, Disease Progression, and Treatment Strategies , 2005, Circulation.

[223]  O. Nielsen,et al.  Speckle-tracking echocardiography for predicting outcome in chronic aortic regurgitation during conservative management and after surgery. , 2011, JACC. Cardiovascular imaging.

[224]  W. Daniel,et al.  Chronic aortic regurgitation: reassessment of the prognostic value of preoperative left ventricular end-systolic dimension and fractional shortening. , 1985, Circulation.

[225]  M. Ruel,et al.  Clinical and echocardiographic impact of functional tricuspid regurgitation repair at the time of mitral valve replacement. , 2009, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[226]  M. Eren,et al.  Left Ventricle and Left Atrium Remodeling after Mitral Valve Replacement in Case of Mixed Mitral Valve Disease of Rheumatic Origin , 2010, Journal of cardiac surgery.

[227]  A. Tajik,et al.  Accurate measurement of the transmitral gradient in patients with mitral stenosis: a simultaneous catheterization and Doppler echocardiographic study. , 1994, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[228]  C. Surawicz,et al.  Bacteremia with gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. , 1986, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[229]  R. Guyton,et al.  The impact of specific preoperative organ dysfunction in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. , 2013, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[230]  F. Carreras,et al.  Transesophageal echocardiography improves risk assessment of thrombolysis of prosthetic valve thrombosis: results of the international PRO-TEE registry. , 2003, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[231]  Neerja Bhatla,et al.  Cardiac disease in pregnancy , 2003 .

[232]  D. Witt,et al.  Effect of a centralized clinical pharmacy anticoagulation service on the outcomes of anticoagulation therapy. , 2005, Chest.

[233]  D. D. Hood,et al.  Comparison of prophylactic oral ibuprofen versus intramuscular ketorolac for laparoscopic surgery postoperative analgesia , 1994 .

[234]  W. Chan,et al.  Anticoagulation of pregnant women with mechanical heart valves: a systematic review of the literature. , 2000, Archives of internal medicine.

[235]  Stuart J Pocock,et al.  Transcatheter versus surgical aortic-valve replacement in high-risk patients. , 2011, The New England journal of medicine.

[236]  M. Hellmich,et al.  Use of a simple criteria set for guiding echocardiography in nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. , 2011, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[237]  N. Smedira,et al.  Features and predictors of ascending aortic dilatation in association with a congenital bicuspid aortic valve. , 2003, The American journal of cardiology.

[238]  M. Hannan,et al.  Clinical characteristics and outcome of infective endocarditis involving implantable cardiac devices. , 2012, JAMA.

[239]  J. Seward,et al.  Dobutamine stress Doppler hemodynamics in patients with aortic stenosis: feasibility, safety, and surgical correlations. , 1998, American heart journal.

[240]  R. Suri,et al.  Computed tomography as an alternative to catheter angiography prior to robotic mitral valve repair. , 2013, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[241]  S. Solomon,et al.  GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS , 2010 .

[242]  R. Frye,et al.  Long-Term Clinical Outcome in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation Registry Comparison With the Randomized Trial , 2000 .

[243]  J. Seward,et al.  Aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis with severe left ventricular dysfunction. Prognostic indicators. , 1997, Circulation.

[244]  B. Hutton,et al.  Noninvasive assessment of acute effects of nifedipine on rest and exercise hemodynamics and cardiac function in patients with aortic regurgitation. , 1984, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[245]  T. Wisenbaugh,et al.  Comparison of single-dose nifedipine and captopril for chronic severe aortic regurgitation. , 1993, American Journal of Cardiology.

[246]  Charles M Strother,et al.  Images in cardiovascular medicine. Angiographic computed tomography for imaging of underdeployed intracranial stent. , 2006, Circulation.

[247]  D. Horstkotte,et al.  The natural history of aortic valve stenosis. , 1988, European heart journal.

[248]  K. Bailey,et al.  Outcome of 622 Adults With Asymptomatic, Hemodynamically Significant Aortic Stenosis During Prolonged Follow-Up , 2005, Circulation.

[249]  M. Kinoshita,et al.  Impact of early surgery in the active phase on long-term outcomes in left-sided native valve infective endocarditis. , 2011, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[250]  O. Jarral,et al.  Is it safe to perform coronary angiography during acute endocarditis? , 2011, Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery.

[251]  H. Baumgartner,et al.  Comparison Between Transcatheter and Surgical Prosthetic Valve Implantation in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis and Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction , 2010, Circulation.

[252]  Barry J Maron,et al.  2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines , 2011, Circulation.

[253]  Saibal Kar,et al.  Percutaneous repair or surgery for mitral regurgitation. , 2011, The New England journal of medicine.

[254]  S. Shukla,et al.  Infective Endocarditis: Rationale for Revised Guidelines for Antibiotic Prophylaxis , 2009, Clinical Medicine & Research.

[255]  V. Maranhao,et al.  Analysis of influence of catecholamine and tachycardia during supine exercise in patients with mitral stenosis and sinus rhythm. , 1969, British heart journal.

[256]  Kathryn Williams,et al.  Effect of long-term aspirin use on embolic events in infective endocarditis. , 2008, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[257]  I. Palacios,et al.  Prediction of successful outcome in 130 patients undergoing percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy. , 1990, Circulation.

[258]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Natural History of Asymptomatic Patients With Normally Functioning or Minimally Dysfunctional Bicuspid Aortic Valve in the Community , 2008, Circulation.

[259]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Echocardiographic Prediction of Survival After Surgical Correction of Organic Mitral Regurgitation , 1994, Circulation.

[260]  M. di Mauro,et al.  Echocardiographic-based treatment of functional tricuspid regurgitation. , 2011, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[261]  R. Bonow,et al.  Current management of calcific aortic stenosis. , 2013, Circulation research.

[262]  J. Oliver,et al.  Prevention of thromboembolism using aspirin after mitral valve replacement with porcine bioprosthesis. , 1984, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[263]  L. Hillis,et al.  Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. , 2006, The American journal of cardiology.

[264]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Mortality and morbidity of aortic regurgitation in clinical practice. A long-term follow-up study. , 1999, Circulation.

[265]  R. North,et al.  Maternal complications and pregnancy outcome in women with mechanical prosthetic heart valves treated with enoxaparin , 2009, BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[266]  D. Burelle,et al.  Results of percutaneous mitral commissurotomy in patients with a left atrial appendage thrombus detected by transesophageal echocardiography. , 1994, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[267]  S. Yun,et al.  Early surgery versus conventional treatment for infective endocarditis. , 2012, The New England journal of medicine.

[268]  A. Haeberli,et al.  Rebound after cessation of oral anticoagulant therapy: the biochemical evidence , 1996, British journal of haematology.

[269]  A. Galloway,et al.  Valve repair versus replacement for mitral insufficiency: when is a mechanical valve still indicated? , 1998, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[270]  J. Ross,et al.  Conservative Management of Tricuspid Regurgitation in Patients Undergoing Mitral Valve Replacement , 1967, Circulation.

[271]  Ellen Jo Baron,et al.  Prolonged incubation and extensive subculturing do not increase recovery of clinically significant microorganisms from standard automated blood cultures. , 2005, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[272]  Sm,et al.  Clinical Application of Echocardiography , 2003 .

[273]  P. Grayburn,et al.  A negative transthoracic echocardiogram obviates the need for transesophageal echocardiography in patients with suspected native valve active infective endocarditis. , 1996, The American journal of cardiology.

[274]  J. Dumesnil,et al.  Validation and applications of indexed aortic prosthetic valve areas calculated by Doppler echocardiography. , 1990, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[275]  J. Skoularigis,et al.  A case for early surgery in native left-sided endocarditis complicated by heart failure: results in 203 patients. , 1991, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[276]  A. Selzer,et al.  Valvular Aortic Stenosis: A Clinical and Hemodynamic Profile of Patients , 1987 .

[277]  Seung‐Jung Park,et al.  Percutaneous Mitral Valvuloplasty Versus Surgical Treatment in Mitral Stenosis With Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation , 2007, Circulation.

[278]  J. Sobrino,et al.  Initial outcome of percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty in rheumatic tricuspid valve stenosis. , 1993, The American journal of cardiology.

[279]  R. W. Brower,et al.  Afterload reduction with nifedipine in aortic insufficiency. , 1982, The American journal of cardiology.

[280]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Outcomes in mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflets a multicenter European study. , 2008, JACC. Cardiovascular imaging.

[281]  Walter R Wilson,et al.  Update on cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections and their management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. , 2010, Circulation.

[282]  Andrew Wang,et al.  Clinical presentation, etiology, and outcome of infective endocarditis in the 21st century: the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study. , 2009, Archives of internal medicine.

[283]  Volkmar Falk,et al.  Guidelines on Myocardial Revascularization the Task Force on Myocardial Revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology (esc) and the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery (eacts) Developed with the Special Contribution of the European Association for Percutaneous Cardiovascular I , 2022 .

[284]  I. Kronzon,et al.  The risk of the development of aortic stenosis in patients with "benign" aortic valve thickening. , 2002, Archives of internal medicine.

[285]  Y. Kawashima,et al.  Rationale of the Cox maze procedure for atrial fibrillation during redo mitral valve operations. , 1996, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[286]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Quantitative determinants of the outcome of asymptomatic mitral regurgitation. , 2005, The New England journal of medicine.

[287]  José Jalife,et al.  2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation , 2012, Heart rhythm.

[288]  J. F. Keane,et al.  Transcatheter umbrella closure of valvular and paravalvular leaks. , 1992, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[289]  F. Mohr,et al.  Isolated reoperative minimally invasive tricuspid valve operations. , 2012, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[290]  H. Watkins.  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: from molecular and genetic mechanisms to clinical management , 2001 .

[291]  L. Sadler,et al.  Pregnancy outcomes and cardiac complications in women with mechanical, bioprosthetic and homograft valves , 2000, BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[292]  N. Sharrock,et al.  Hypotensive Epidural Anesthesia in Patients With Aortic Stenosis Undergoing Total Hip Replacement , 2007, Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine.

[293]  V. Fuster,et al.  Preoperative M-mode echocardiography as a predictor of surgical results in chronic aortic insufficiency , 1980 .

[294]  J. Ramires,et al.  Effectiveness of the Maze Procedure Using Cooled-Tip Radiofrequency Ablation in Patients With Permanent Atrial Fibrillation and Rheumatic Mitral Valve Disease , 2005, Circulation.

[295]  T. David,et al.  Mitral valve replacement for mitral regurgitation with and without preservation of chordae tendineae. , 1984, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[296]  H. Barnhart,et al.  Angioplasty or surgery for multivessel coronary artery disease: comparison of eligible registry and randomized patients in the EAST trial and influence of treatment selection on outcomes. Emory Angioplasty versus Surgery Trial Investigators. , 1997, The American journal of cardiology.

[297]  J. Wynne,et al.  Percutaneous Balloon Versus Surgical Closed Commissurotomy for Mitral Stenosis: A Prospective, Randomized Trial , 1991, Circulation.

[298]  L. Olaison,et al.  Cerebrovascular complications in patients with left-sided infective endocarditis are common: a prospective study using magnetic resonance imaging and neurochemical brain damage markers. , 2008, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[299]  T. Allison,et al.  Safety of symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with aortic stenosis. , 2012, The American journal of medicine.

[300]  F. Lu,et al.  Surgical treatment of multivalvular endocarditis: twenty-one-year single center experience. , 2009, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[301]  Jeevanantham Rajeswaran,et al.  Impact of mitral valve annuloplasty combined with revascularization in patients with functional ischemic mitral regurgitation. , 2007, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[302]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Robotic mitral valve repair for all prolapse subsets using techniques identical to open valvuloplasty: establishing the benchmark against which percutaneous interventions should be judged. , 2011, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[303]  S. Goldstein,et al.  The diagnosis of thoracic aortic dissection by noninvasive imaging procedures. , 1993, The New England journal of medicine.

[304]  D. Brown,et al.  Risk of patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing noncardiac surgery. , 1998, The American journal of cardiology.

[305]  C. Otto,et al.  Prospective Comparison of Valve Regurgitation Quantitation by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Transthoracic Echocardiography , 2013, Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging.

[306]  B. Carabello,et al.  Differential effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor lisinopril versus the beta-adrenergic receptor blocker atenolol on hemodynamics and left ventricular contractile function in experimental mitral regurgitation. , 2002, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[307]  P. Pellikka,et al.  Prognosis of Carcinoid Heart Disease: Analysis of 200 Cases Over Two Decades , 2005, Circulation.

[308]  W. Rogers,et al.  Asymptomatic left main coronary artery disease in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry. , 1989, Circulation.

[309]  J. Bavaria,et al.  Bicuspid aortic valves are associated with aortic dilatation out of proportion to coexistent valvular lesions. , 2000, Circulation.

[310]  R. Bonow,et al.  Comparative assessment of chordal preservation versus chordal resection during mitral valve replacement. , 1990, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[311]  B. Albat,et al.  Preoperative evaluation in aortic endocarditis: findings on cardiac CT. , 2010, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[312]  J. Merrett,et al.  Cerebral embolism and mitral stenosis: survival with and without anticoagulants , 1974, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[313]  C. Yutani,et al.  Histopathological Analysis of the Mechanisms of Intracranial Hemorrhage Complicating Infective Endocarditis , 1992, Stroke.

[314]  Progression of aortic stenosis in 394 patients: relation to changes in myocardial and mitral valve dysfunction. , 1995, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[315]  C. Schaefer.  Angiotensin II-receptor-antagonists: further evidence of fetotoxicity but not teratogenicity. , 2003, Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology.

[316]  C M Otto,et al.  Prospective study of asymptomatic valvular aortic stenosis. Clinical, echocardiographic, and exercise predictors of outcome. , 1997, Circulation.

[317]  K. Chan,et al.  Implication of negative results on a monoplane transesophageal echocardiographic study in patients with suspected infective endocarditis. , 1993, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[318]  Vance G. Fowler,et al.  Early Predictors of In-Hospital Death in Infective Endocarditis , 2004, Circulation.

[319]  B. Pitt,et al.  The Effect of Spironolactone on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Severe Heart Failure , 2000 .

[320]  R. Gorlin,et al.  A generalized formulation of the Gorlin formula for calculating the area of the stenotic mitral valve and other stenotic cardiac valves. , 1990, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[321]  W. Chan,et al.  Anticoagulation of pregnant women with mechanical heart valves. , 2003, Archives of internal medicine.

[322]  M. Mack,et al.  Improved functional status and quality of life in prohibitive surgical risk patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation after transcatheter mitral valve repair. , 2014, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[323]  M. Pfeffer,et al.  Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial , 2003, The Lancet.

[324]  Ş. Korkmaz,et al.  The effect of baseline pulmonary artery pressure on right ventricular functions after mitral balloon valvuloplasty for rheumatic mitral stenosis: a tissue Doppler imaging study. , 2008, Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi arsivi : Turk Kardiyoloji Derneginin yayin organidir.

[325]  B. Psaty,et al.  Clinical factors, but not C-reactive protein, predict progression of calcific aortic-valve disease: the Cardiovascular Health Study. , 2007, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[326]  B. McCrindle,et al.  Independent Factors Associated With Outcomes of Parachute Mitral Valve in 84 Patients , 2004, Circulation.

[327]  M. Cotrufo,et al.  Anticoagulation for prosthetic heart valves during pregnancy: the importance of warfarin daily dose. , 2002, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[328]  Scott Lim,et al.  Two-year outcomes after transcatheter or surgical aortic-valve replacement. , 2012, The New England journal of medicine.

[329]  D Horstkotte,et al.  Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in acute, severe mitral regurgitation: experience in 42 consecutive patients entering the intensive care unit with pulmonary edema. , 1993, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[330]  C. Torp‐Pedersen,et al.  Association of Warfarin Therapy Duration After Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Replacement With Risk of Mortality , Thromboembolic Complications , and Bleeding , 2012 .

[331]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Survival advantage and improved durability of mitral repair for leaflet prolapse subsets in the current era. , 2006, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[332]  R. Morin,et al.  ACCF/ACR/AHA/NASCI/SAIP/SCAI/SCCT 2010 expert consensus document on coronary computed tomographic angiography: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents. , 2010, Circulation.

[333]  Helmut Baumgartner,et al.  Normal values for Doppler echocardiographic assessment of heart valve prostheses. , 2003, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[334]  Michelle A. Anderson,et al.  Antibiotic prophylaxis for GI endoscopy. , 2008, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[335]  J. Thomas,et al.  Prediction of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing operations for mitral valve degeneration. , 2001, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[336]  F. Loop,et al.  Results of mitral valve reconstruction. , 1986, Circulation.

[337]  A P Yoganathan,et al.  A new method for quantification of regurgitant flow rate using color Doppler flow imaging of the flow convergence region proximal to a discrete orifice. An in vitro study. , 1991, Circulation.

[338]  E. Cheriex,et al.  Value of exercise Doppler-echocardiography in patients with mitral stenosis. , 1994, International journal of cardiology.

[339]  N. Flowers,et al.  Coronary atherosclerosis in valvular heart disease. , 1977, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[340]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Outcome after surgery for mitral regurgitation. Determinants of postoperative morbidity and mortality. , 1997, Journal of Heart Valve Disease.

[341]  G. Dreyfus,et al.  Secondary tricuspid regurgitation or dilatation: which should be the criteria for surgical repair? , 2005, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[342]  R. Sutton,et al.  Mitral regurgitation in coronary heart disease. , 1977, British heart journal.

[343]  S. Brener,et al.  Factors leading to progression of valvular aortic stenosis. , 1999, The American journal of cardiology.

[344]  M. Kostkiewicz,et al.  Clinical and echocardiographic assessment of pregnant women with valvular heart diseases--maternal and fetal outcome. , 2004, International journal of cardiology.

[345]  P. Pibarot,et al.  Low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis with normal and depressed left ventricular ejection fraction. , 2012, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[346]  J. Ross,et al.  Temporal Response of Left Ventricular Performance to Mitral Valve Surgery , 1979, Circulation.

[347]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Sudden death in mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflet. , 1999, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[348]  R. Bonow,et al.  Long-term serial changes in left ventricular function and reversal of ventricular dilatation after valve replacement for chronic aortic regurgitation. , 1988, Circulation.

[349]  J. Pepper,et al.  Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery With or Without Mitral Valve Annuloplasty in Moderate Functional Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation: Final Results of the Randomized Ischemic Mitral Evaluation (RIME) Trial , 2012, Circulation.

[350]  C. Otto,et al.  Relation between pulmonary artery pressure and mitral stenosis severity in patients undergoing balloon mitral commissurotomy. , 1993, The American journal of cardiology.

[351]  K. Chan,et al.  Early clinical course and long-term outcome of patients with infective endocarditis complicated by perivalvular abscess. , 2002, CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne.

[352]  L. Køber,et al.  Association of Warfarin Therapy Duration After Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Replacement With Risk of Mortality, Thromboembolic Complications, and Bleeding , 2013 .

[353]  Helmut Baumgartner,et al.  Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease The Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology , 2007 .

[354]  E. Tuzcu,et al.  Impact of Aortic Stenosis on Postoperative Outcomes After Noncardiac Surgeries , 2012, Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes.

[355]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Association between early surgical intervention vs watchful waiting and outcomes for mitral regurgitation due to flail mitral valve leaflets. , 2013, JAMA.

[356]  M. Schwerzmann,et al.  Right ventricular systolic function assessment: rank of echocardiographic methods vs. cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. , 2011, European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology.

[357]  Z. Popović,et al.  Impact of concomitant aortic regurgitation on long-term outcome after surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic stenosis , 2011, Journal of cardiothoracic surgery.

[358]  L. Latson,et al.  Transcatheter coil occlusion of perivalvular mitral leaks associated with severe hemolysis , 2000, Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions.

[359]  A. Evangelista,et al.  Aorto-cavitary fistulous tract formation in infective endocarditis: clinical and echocardiographic features of 76 cases and risk factors for mortality , 2005 .

[360]  W. J. Griffiths,et al.  Bacteremia associated with esophageal dilatation. , 1983, Journal of clinical gastroenterology.

[361]  W. B. Meijboom,et al.  Pre-operative computed tomography coronary angiography to detect significant coronary artery disease in patients referred for cardiac valve surgery. , 2006, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[362]  F. Ståhlberg,et al.  Vasodilatation with felodipine in chronic asymptomatic aortic regurgitation. , 2000, American heart journal.

[363]  A. Weiss,et al.  Effect of Severe Aortic Stenosis on the Outcome in Elderly Patients Undergoing Repair of Hip Fracture , 2009, Gerontology.

[364]  C. Higgins,et al.  Severity of aortic regurgitation: interstudy reproducibility of measurements with velocity-encoded cine MR imaging. , 1992, Radiology.

[365]  S. Yun,et al.  Long-Term Outcomes of Mechanical Valve Replacement in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Impact of the Maze Procedure , 2012, Circulation.

[366]  V. Padmanabhan,et al.  Frequency of angiographically significant coronary arterial narrowing in mitral stenosis. , 1986, The American journal of cardiology.

[367]  A. Hager,et al.  Tricuspid valve surgery improves cardiac output and exercise performance in patients with Ebstein's anomaly. , 2013, International journal of cardiology.

[368]  W G Henderson,et al.  Outcomes 15 years after valve replacement with a mechanical versus a bioprosthetic valve: final report of the Veterans Affairs randomized trial. , 2000, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[369]  A. Banning,et al.  What is the role of balloon dilatation for severe aortic stenosis during pregnancy? , 2005, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[370]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Independent prognostic value of functional mitral regurgitation in patients with heart failure. A quantitative analysis of 1256 patients with ischaemic and non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy , 2011, Heart.

[371]  M. Mcenany.  Mitral Valve Replacement in the Presence of Severe Valvular and Annular Calcification , 1993, Journal of cardiac surgery.

[372]  I. Sheiban,et al.  Aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic incompetence. Preoperative parameters influencing long-term results. , 1986, Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie.

[373]  P. Lin,et al.  Mitral Valve Replacement in the Presence of Massive Posterior Annular Calcification , 1985, Journal of cardiac surgery.

[374]  B. Iung,et al.  Usefulness of percutaneous balloon commissurotomy for mitral stenosis during pregnancy. , 1994, The American journal of cardiology.

[375]  G. Ewy,et al.  The Effect of Pregnancy on the Murmurs of Mitral and Aortic Regurgitation , 1970, Circulation.

[376]  M. Ezekowitz,et al.  2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. , 2014, Circulation.

[377]  Gilbert Habib,et al.  Impact of cerebrovascular complications on mortality and neurologic outcome during infective endocarditis: a prospective multicentre study. , 2007, European heart journal.

[378]  D. Peebles,et al.  Use of high intensity adjusted dose low molecular weight heparin in women with mechanical heart valves during pregnancy: a single-center experience , 2009, Haematologica.

[379]  D. Tweedle.  INTRAVENOUS FAT , 1976, The Lancet.

[380]  Sean M. O'Brien,et al.  Predictors of mitral valve repair: clinical and surgeon factors. , 2010, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[381]  T. Feldman.  Rheumatic mitral stenosis. On the rise again. , 1993, Postgraduate medicine.

[382]  E Abrutyn,et al.  Prognostic factors in 61 cases of Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic valve infective endocarditis from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis merged database. , 2004, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[383]  A. Tognon,et al.  Percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty in a pregnant adolescent. , 2004, Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia.

[384]  M. Kern,et al.  Use of coronary arteriography in the preoperative management of patients undergoing urgent repair of the thoracic aorta. , 1990, American heart journal.

[385]  Warren J Manning,et al.  ACCF/ASE/AHA/ASNC/HFSA/HRS/SCAI/SCCM/SCCT/SCMR 2011 Appropriate Use Criteria for Echocardiography. A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Society of Echocardiography, American Heart Association, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, , 2011, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[386]  V. Fowler,et al.  Risk of endocarditis among patients with prosthetic valves and Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia , 2005 .

[387]  S. Eykyn,et al.  Suggested modifications to the Duke criteria for the clinical diagnosis of native valve and prosthetic valve endocarditis: analysis of 118 pathologically proven cases. , 1997, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[388]  Elizabeth Grodanz.  Robotic Mitral Valve Repair , 2015, The Journal of cardiovascular nursing.

[389]  L. Edmunds,et al.  Long-term outcome of cardiac surgery in patients with mitral stenosis and severe pulmonary hypertension. , 1995, Circulation.

[390]  B. Seifert,et al.  Valve replacement in chronic aortic regurgitation. True predictors of survival after extended follow-up. , 1998, Circulation.

[391]  H. White,et al.  Thrombosis on a Mechanical Aortic Valve whilst Anti-coagulated With Dabigatran. , 2012, Heart, lung & circulation.

[392]  A. Berrebi,et al.  Long-Term (29 Years) Results of Reconstructive Surgery in Rheumatic Mitral Valve Insufficiency , 2001, Circulation.

[393]  D. Newby,et al.  Managing the asymptomatic patient with severe aortic stenosis: randomised controlled trials of early surgery are overdue , 2011, Heart.

[394]  A. Vahanian,et al.  Should asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic aortic regurgitation be operated on? , 1986, Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie.

[395]  A. Vahanian,et al.  Echocardiography and indications for surgery. , 1995, European heart journal.

[396]  Eugene H Blackstone,et al.  Valve repair versus valve replacement for degenerative mitral valve disease. , 2008, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[397]  M. Ferencik,et al.  Changes in size of ascending aorta and aortic valve function with time in patients with congenitally bicuspid aortic valves. , 2003, The American journal of cardiology.

[398]  D. Durack,et al.  Diagnosis of infective endocarditis. , 1993, Infectious disease clinics of North America.

[399]  M. Mack,et al.  Reliability of risk algorithms in predicting early and late operative outcomes in high-risk patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. , 2008, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[400]  M. Drazner,et al.  2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. , 2013, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[401]  W. Edwards,et al.  Incidence of aortic complications in patients with bicuspid aortic valves. , 2011, JAMA.

[402]  P. Cohn,et al.  The prevalence of angina pectoris and abnormal coronary arteriograms in severe aortic valvular disease. , 1977, American heart journal.

[403]  J. Jollis,et al.  Cost-Effectiveness of Transesophageal Echocardiography To Determine the Duration of Therapy for Intravascular Catheter-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia , 1999, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[404]  T. Piemonte,et al.  Closure of prosthetic paravalvular mitral regurgitation with the Gianturco‐Grifka vascular occlusion device , 2001, Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions.

[405]  Bruce D. Johnson,et al.  Cardiopulmonary exercise testing determination of functional capacity in mitral regurgitation: physiologic and outcome implications. , 2006, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[406]  S. Nakatani,et al.  Failure to Prevent Progressive Dilation of Ascending Aorta by Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Bicuspid Aortic Valve: Comparison With Tricuspid Aortic Valve , 2003, Circulation.

[407]  R. Bonow,et al.  Serial Long‐term Assessment of the Natural History of Asymptomatic Patients With Chronic Aortic Regurgitation and Normal Left Ventricular Systolic Function , 1991, Circulation.

[408]  E. W. Hancock,et al.  Aortic stenosis, angina pectoris, and coronary artery disease. , 1977, American heart journal.

[409]  I. Palacios,et al.  Percutaneous balloon dilatation of the mitral valve: an analysis of echocardiographic variables related to outcome and the mechanism of dilatation. , 1988, British heart journal.

[410]  M. Cerqueira,et al.  Left ventricular function in ischemic mitral regurgitation--a precatheterization assessment. , 1988, American heart journal.

[411]  U. Elkayam,et al.  The effect of valvular heart disease on maternal and fetal outcome of pregnancy. , 2001, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[412]  J. Kisslo,et al.  Clinical information determines the impact of transesophageal echocardiography on the diagnosis of infective endocarditis by the duke criteria. , 2000, American heart journal.

[413]  Piet Claus,et al.  Abscess in infective endocarditis: the value of transesophageal echocardiography and outcome: a 5-year study. , 2007, American heart journal.

[414]  R. Hart,et al.  Avoiding Central Nervous System Bleeding During Antithrombotic Therapy: Recent Data and Ideas , 2005, Stroke.

[415]  D. Macdonald,et al.  Antibiotic prophylaxis against infective endocarditis after normal delivery--is it necessary? , 1980, British heart journal.

[416]  N. Rofsky,et al.  Severity of mitral and aortic regurgitation as assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance: optimizing correlation with Doppler echocardiography. , 2006, Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.

[417]  G. Thiene,et al.  Aortic root dilatation in young men with normally functioning bicuspid aortic valves , 1999, Heart.

[418]  Jong-Min Song,et al.  Mitral Valve Repair Versus Revascularization Alone in the Treatment of Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation , 2006, Circulation.

[419]  R. Bunton,et al.  Thrombosis of a Mechanical Heart Valve Despite Dabigatran , 2012, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[420]  Takahiro Shiota,et al.  Determinants of Recurrent or Residual Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation After Tricuspid Annuloplasty , 2006, Circulation.

[421]  T. Sundt,et al.  Can late survival of patients with moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation be impacted by intervention on the valve? , 2002, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[422]  David O. Martin,et al.  Transthoracic echocardiographic predictors of left atrial appendage thrombus. , 2006, The American journal of cardiology.

[423]  S. Rogers,et al.  Prevention of infective endocarditis' , 1988, British Dental Journal.

[424]  A. Burger,et al.  The Role of Two-Dimensional Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Ineffective Endocarditis , 1991 .

[425]  M. Budoff,et al.  Kidney function and aortic valve and mitral annular calcification in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). , 2007, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[426]  M. Quiñones,et al.  Accurate noninvasive quantification of stenotic aortic valve area by Doppler echocardiography. , 1986, Circulation.

[427]  L. Baddour,et al.  Infections of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices , 2012 .

[428]  P. D. Cahill,et al.  Restoration of left ventricular systolic performance after reattachment of the mitral chordae tendineae. The importance of valvular-ventricular interaction. , 1988, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[429]  V. Fowler,et al.  Analysis of the Impact of Early Surgery on In-Hospital Mortality of Native Valve Endocarditis: Use of Propensity Score and Instrumental Variable Methods to Adjust for Treatment-Selection Bias , 2010, Circulation.

[430]  D. Bach,et al.  Echo/Doppler evaluation of hemodynamics after aortic valve replacement: principles of interrogation and evaluation of high gradients. , 2010, JACC. Cardiovascular imaging.

[431]  M. Cotrufo,et al.  Percutaneous mitral commissurotomy versus open mitral commissurotomy: a comparative study. , 1999, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[432]  J. Tinker,et al.  Discontinuing anticoagulant therapy in surgical patients with cardiac valve prostheses. Observations in 180 operations. , 1978 .

[433]  Gilbert Habib,et al.  Risk of Embolism and Death in Infective Endocarditis: Prognostic Value of Echocardiography: A Prospective Multicenter Study , 2005, Circulation.

[434]  C. Yancy,et al.  Usefulness of dobutamine echocardiography in distinguishing severe from nonsevere valvular aortic stenosis in patients with depressed left ventricular function and low transvalvular gradients. , 1995, The American journal of cardiology.

[435]  J. McCullough,et al.  Surgical treatment of the dilated ascending aorta: when and how? , 1999, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[436]  G. Pernod,et al.  French clinical practice guidelines on the management of patients on vitamin K antagonists in at-risk situations (overdose, risk of bleeding, and active bleeding). , 2010, Thrombosis research.

[437]  Itzhak Kronzon,et al.  Clinical outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous closure of periprosthetic paravalvular leaks. , 2011, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[438]  U. Ozbek,et al.  Combined radiofrequency modified maze and mitral valve procedure through a port access approach: early and mid-term results. , 2003, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[439]  S. Connolly,et al.  A comparison of dabigatran etexilate with warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves: THE Randomized, phase II study to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of oral dabigatran etexilate in patients after heart valve replacement (RE-ALIGN). , 2012, American heart journal.

[440]  J. Wynne,et al.  Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty compared with open surgical commissurotomy for mitral stenosis. , 1994, The New England journal of medicine.

[441]  P. Stone,et al.  Determinants of prognosis of patients with aortic regurgitation who undergo aortic valve replacement. , 1984, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[442]  A. Evangelista,et al.  Long-term vasodilator therapy in patients with severe aortic regurgitation. , 2005, The New England journal of medicine.

[443]  E. Blackstone,et al.  Use of annulus washer after debridement: a new mitral valve replacement technique for patients with severe mitral annular calcification. , 2013, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[444]  Pamela S Douglas,et al.  Acc/aha/ase 2003 Guideline Update for the Clinical Application of Echocardiography: Summary Article a Report of the American College of Cardiology/american Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (acc/aha/ase Committee to Update the 1997 Guidelines for the Clinical Application of Echocar , 2003 .

[445]  J. Chambers,et al.  Prediction of symptom-onset in aortic stenosis: a comparison of pressure drop/flow slope and haemodynamic measures at rest. , 2001, International journal of cardiology.

[446]  S. Ratnam,et al.  Pregnancy outcome and mitral valve prolapse. , 2010, Asia-Oceania journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[447]  T. Gherli,et al.  Comparing warfarin to aspirin (WoA) after aortic valve replacement with the St. Jude Medical Epic heart valve bioprosthesis: results of the WoA Epic pilot trial. , 2007, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[448]  G M Pohost,et al.  Left ventricular volume measurement using cardiac axis nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Validation by calibrated ventricular angiography. , 1990, Circulation.

[449]  D. Gleason,et al.  Complete Heart Block Complicating Bacterial Endocarditis , 1972, Circulation.

[450]  P. Tornos,et al.  Infective endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus: deleterious effect of anticoagulant therapy. , 1999, Archives of internal medicine.

[451]  C. Roobottom,et al.  16-detector row computed tomographic coronary angiography in patients undergoing evaluation for aortic valve replacement: comparison with catheter angiography. , 2006, Clinical radiology.

[452]  P. Vandervoort,et al.  Quantification of mitral regurgitation with the proximal flow convergence method: a clinical study. , 1992, American heart journal.

[453]  P. Szekely.  Systemic Embolism and Anticoagulant Prophylaxis in Rheumatic Heart Disease , 1964, British medical journal.

[454]  Mordehay Vaturi,et al.  The impact of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in infective endocarditis. , 2007, The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ.

[455]  C. Hassager,et al.  Major Cerebral Events in Staphylococcus Aureus Infective Endocarditis: Is Anticoagulant Therapy Safe? , 2009, Cardiology.

[456]  Sean M. O'Brien,et al.  Variation in warfarin thromboprophylaxis after mitral valve repair: does equipoise exist and is a randomized trial warranted? , 2013, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[457]  G. Duncan,et al.  NEUROLOGIC COMPLICATIONS OF BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS , 1978, Medicine.

[458]  K. Shimada,et al.  Prognostic value of aortic valve area index in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis. , 2012, The American journal of cardiology.

[459]  C. Otto,et al.  Aortic Stenosis: Clinical Aspects of Diagnosis and Management, With 10 Illustrative Case Reports From a 25-Year Experience , 2010, Medicine.

[460]  S. Mazzetti,et al.  Aortic complications after bicuspid aortic valve replacement: long-term results. , 2002, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[461]  P. Whelton,et al.  Aspirin and risk of hemorrhagic stroke: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. , 1998, JAMA.

[462]  Kathleen F. Kerr,et al.  Genetic associations with valvular calcification and aortic stenosis. , 2013, The New England journal of medicine.

[463]  K. Kessler,et al.  Death rates versus deaths. , 2001, Circulation.

[464]  Jun Kwan,et al.  Geometric Differences of the Mitral Apparatus Between Ischemic and Dilated Cardiomyopathy With Significant Mitral Regurgitation: Real-Time Three-Dimensional Echocardiography Study , 2002, Circulation.

[465]  B. Prendergast,et al.  Diagnostic criteria and problems in infective endocarditis , 2004, Heart.

[466]  S. Schenker,et al.  Bacteremia with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. , 1975, Annals of internal medicine.

[467]  G. Gottlieb,et al.  Role of echocardiography in evaluation of patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: experience in 103 patients. , 1997, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[468]  B. Iung,et al.  AREVA: multicenter randomized comparison of low-dose versus standard-dose anticoagulation in patients with mechanical prosthetic heart valves. , 1996, Circulation.

[469]  T. Mihaljevic,et al.  Should patients with severe degenerative mitral regurgitation delay surgery until symptoms develop? , 2010, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[470]  G. Melina,et al.  Does combined mitral valve surgery improve survival when compared to revascularization alone in patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation? A meta-analysis on 2479 patients , 2009, Journal of cardiovascular medicine.

[471]  Silvia G Priori,et al.  ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation--executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Commit , 2006, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[472]  D. Horstkotte,et al.  Contribution for choosing the optimal prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis , 1987 .

[473]  L. Cohn,et al.  Is early antithrombotic therapy necessary in patients with bioprosthetic aortic valves in normal sinus rhythm? , 2010, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[474]  J. Elefteriades,et al.  Anticoagulation is unnecessary after biological aortic valve replacement. , 1998, Circulation.

[475]  M. Herregods,et al.  Methicillin-resistant versus methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis , 2008, European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases.

[476]  P. Vandervoort,et al.  Pressure recovery in bileaflet heart valve prostheses. Localized high velocities and gradients in central and side orifices with implications for Doppler-catheter gradient relation in aortic and mitral position. , 1995, Circulation.

[477]  H. Schaff,et al.  The risk of stroke in the early postoperative period following mitral valve replacement. , 1995, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[478]  J B Seward,et al.  Continuous wave Doppler echocardiographic measurement of prosthetic valve gradients. A simultaneous Doppler-catheter correlative study. , 1989, Circulation.

[479]  P. Massoure,et al.  Pacemaker Endocarditis: Clinical Features and Management of 60 Consecutive Cases , 2007, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[480]  D. Hagler,et al.  Percutaneous Repair of Paravalvular Prosthetic Regurgitation: Acute and 30-Day Outcomes in 115 Patients , 2011, Circulation. Cardiovascular interventions.

[481]  W. Markiewicz,et al.  Natural history of moderate mitral valve stenosis. , 2003, The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ.

[482]  W. Daniel,et al.  Invasive hemodynamic characteristics of low gradient severe aortic stenosis despite preserved ejection fraction. , 2013, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[483]  T. David,et al.  The importance of the mitral apparatus in left ventricular function after correction of mitral regurgitation. , 1983, Circulation.

[484]  J. Lax,et al.  Cinefluoroscopic assessment of mechanical disc prostheses: its value as a complementary method to echocardiography. , 2005, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[485]  Y. Kawashima,et al.  Risks and benefits of combined maze procedure for atrial fibrillation associated with organic heart disease. , 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[486]  D. Sahn,et al.  A New Method for Quantitation of Mitral Regurgitation Based on Color Flow Doppler Imaging of Flow Convergence Proximal to Regurgitant Orifice , 1991, Circulation.

[487]  C. Tribouilloy,et al.  Outcomes of pseudo-severe aortic stenosis under conservative treatment. , 2012, European heart journal.

[488]  P. Pibarot,et al.  Prosthetic Heart Valves Selection of the Optimal Prosthesis and Long-Term Management , 2009 .

[489]  A. Bayer,et al.  Diagnostic criteria for identifying cases of endocarditis--revisiting the Duke criteria two years later. , 1996, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[490]  S. Rapaport,et al.  Correction of Excessive Anticoagulation with Low-Dose Oral Vitamin K1 , 1997, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[491]  P. Vandervoort,et al.  Impact of wall constraint on velocity distribution in proximal flow convergence zone. Implications for color Doppler quantification of mitral regurgitation. , 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[492]  R. Altman,et al.  Aspirin and prophylaxis of thromboembolic complications in patients with substitute heart valves. , 1976, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[493]  Susheel Kodali,et al.  Transcatheter aortic-valve replacement for inoperable severe aortic stenosis. , 2012, The New England journal of medicine.

[494]  B. Prendergast,et al.  An interdisciplinary debate initiated by the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Valvular Heart Disease. , 2012, EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

[495]  Sean M. O'Brien,et al.  Trends in mitral valve surgery in the United States: results from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database. , 2009, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[496]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Functional tricuspid regurgitation at the time of mitral valve repair for degenerative leaflet prolapse: the case for a selective approach. , 2011, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[497]  M. Mack,et al.  Venn diagrams in cardiovascular disease: the Heart Team concept. , 2013, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[498]  H. Baumgartner,et al.  Effect of prosthetic aortic valve design on the Doppler-catheter gradient correlation: an in vitro study of normal St. Jude, Medtronic-Hall, Starr-Edwards and Hancock valves. , 1992, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[499]  James E. Johnson,et al.  Effects of atenolol on rest and exercise hemodynamics in patients with mitral stenosis. , 1995, The American journal of cardiology.

[500]  C. Çevik,et al.  Comparison of different TEE-guided thrombolytic regimens for prosthetic valve thrombosis: the TROIA trial. , 2013, JACC. Cardiovascular imaging.

[501]  S. Hahn,et al.  Determinants of Surgical Outcome in Patients With Isolated Tricuspid Regurgitation , 2009, Circulation.

[502]  A. Saltups.  Coronary arteriography in isolated aortic and mitral valve disease. , 1982, Australian and New Zealand journal of medicine.

[503]  H. Schaff,et al.  Thoracoscopic versus open mitral valve repair: a propensity score analysis of early outcomes. , 2009, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[504]  M. LeWinter,et al.  Effect of enalapril therapy on left ventricular mass and volumes in asymptomatic chronic, severe mitral regurgitation secondary to mitral valve prolapse. , 1998, The American journal of cardiology.

[505]  B. Prendergast,et al.  Guidelines for the diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of endocarditis in adults: a report of the Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. , 2012, The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy.

[506]  V. Fuster,et al.  High risk of thromboemboli early after bioprosthetic cardiac valve replacement. , 1995, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[507]  E. Tuzcu,et al.  Nitroprusside in critically ill patients with left ventricular dysfunction and aortic stenosis. , 2003, The New England journal of medicine.

[508]  C. Otto,et al.  Physiologic changes with maximal exercise in asymptomatic valvular aortic stenosis assessed by Doppler echocardiography. , 1992, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[509]  C. McLintock.  Anticoagulant therapy in pregnant women with mechanical prosthetic heart valves: no easy option. , 2011, Thrombosis research.

[510]  M. Borger,et al.  Should the ascending aorta be replaced more frequently in patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease? , 2004, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[511]  F. T. ten Cate,et al.  Assessment of tricuspid valve annulus size, shape and function using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. , 2006, Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery.

[512]  D. Wood,et al.  Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: 10-year anniversary part II: clinical implications. , 2012, European heart journal.

[513]  F. Spencer,et al.  Experience with open mitral commissurotomy in 100 consecutive patients. , 1974, Surgery.

[514]  C. Mestres,et al.  Triflusal versus oral anticoagulation for primary prevention of thromboembolism after bioprosthetic valve replacement (trac): prospective, randomized, co-operative trial. , 2005, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[515]  C. Lillehei,et al.  The developmental complex of "parachute mitral valve," supravalvular ring of left atrium, subaortic stenosis, and coarctation of aorta. , 1963, The American journal of cardiology.

[516]  G. Gottlieb,et al.  Infective endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus: 59 prospectively identified cases with follow-up. , 1999, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[517]  M. Roberts.  Presentation, management, and follow-up evaluation of infective endocarditis in drug addicts , 1982 .

[518]  L. Cohn,et al.  One thousand minimally invasive mitral valve operations: early outcomes, late outcomes, and echocardiographic follow-up. , 2013, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[519]  D. Massel,et al.  Antiplatelet and anticoagulation for patients with prosthetic heart valves. , 2013, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[520]  Malte Kelm,et al.  Guidelines for pre-operative cardiac risk assessment and perioperative cardiac management in non-cardiac surgery. , 2009, European heart journal.

[521]  David F.M. Brown,et al.  Effective antibiotic treatment prescribed by emergency physicians in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with severe sepsis or septic shock: where is the gap? , 2011, The Journal of emergency medicine.

[522]  Philippe Pibarot,et al.  The impact of prosthesis-patient mismatch on long-term survival after aortic valve replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 34 observational studies comprising 27 186 patients with 133 141 patient-years. , 2012, European heart journal.

[523]  杜昕,et al.  Infective endocarditis , 2007 .

[524]  R. Kronmal,et al.  Incidence and progression of aortic valve calcium in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). , 2010, The American journal of cardiology.

[525]  E. Peterson,et al.  Should coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients with mild or moderate aortic stenosis undergo concomitant aortic valve replacement? A decision analysis approach to the surgical dilemma. , 2004, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[526]  Greet Van den Berghe,et al.  GUIDELINES FOR PRE-OPERATIVE CARDIAC RISK ASSESSMENT AND PERIOPERATIVE CARDIAC MANAGEMENT IN NON-CARDIAC SURGERY , 2010 .

[527]  B. Prendergast,et al.  ESC Working Group on Valvular Heart Disease Position Paper: assessing the risk of interventions in patients with valvular heart disease. , 2012, European heart journal.

[528]  M. Sohail,et al.  Prosthetic valve endocarditis: state of the heart , 2012 .

[529]  Sean M. O'Brien,et al.  Outcomes for endocarditis surgery in North America: a simplified risk scoring system. , 2011, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[530]  P. Varadarajan,et al.  Effect of Beta-blocker therapy on survival in patients with severe mitral regurgitation and normal left ventricular ejection fraction. , 2008, The American journal of cardiology.

[531]  C. Ting,et al.  Mitral regurgitation complicates postoperative outcome of noncardiac surgery. , 2007, American heart journal.

[532]  M. Quiñones,et al.  Determination of severity of valvular aortic stenosis by Doppler echocardiography and relation of findings to clinical outcome and agreement with hemodynamic measurements determined at cardiac catheterization. , 1991, The American journal of cardiology.

[533]  K. E. Werner,et al.  Treatment decision in asymptomatic aortic valve stenosis: role of exercise testing , 2001, Heart.

[534]  S. Siu,et al.  Late cardiac outcomes after pregnancy in women with congenital aortic stenosis. , 2009, American heart journal.

[535]  J. Daubert,et al.  Risk stratification in asymptomatic moderate to severe aortic stenosis: the importance of the valvular, arterial and ventricular interplay , 2010, Heart.

[536]  O. Alfieri,et al.  Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). , 2012, European heart journal.

[537]  S. Iliceto,et al.  Low-Intensity Oral Anticoagulant Plus Low-Dose Aspirin During the First Six Months Versus Standard-Intensity Oral Anticoagulant Therapy After Mechanical Heart Valve Replacement: A Pilot Study of Low-Intensity Warfarin and Aspirin in Cardiac Prostheses (LIWACAP) , 2007, Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis.

[538]  L. Baddour,et al.  Outcomes in Patients With Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices and Bacteremia Caused by Gram-Positive Cocci Other Than Staphylococcus Aureus , 2010, Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology.

[539]  Sean M. O'Brien,et al.  Influence of Hospital Procedural Volume on Care Process and Mortality for Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery for Mitral Regurgitation , 2007, Circulation.

[540]  Sean M. O'Brien,et al.  The Society of Thoracic Surgeons 2008 cardiac surgery risk models: part 1--coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. , 2009, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[541]  B. Seifert,et al.  Paravalvular leakage after mitral valve replacement: improved long-term survival with aggressive surgery? , 2000, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[542]  C. Joyner,et al.  The open approach to mitral commissurotomy. , 1974, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[543]  Hyuk-Jae Chang,et al.  Prediction of outcome in patients undergoing surgery for severe tricuspid regurgitation following mitral valve surgery and role of tricuspid annular systolic velocity. , 2006, The American journal of cardiology.

[544]  P. Coste,et al.  Management of prosthetic heart valve obstruction: fibrinolysis versus surgery. Early results and long-term follow-up in a single-centre study of 263 cases. , 2009, Archives of cardiovascular diseases.

[545]  R. A. McIvor,et al.  Percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty during pregnancy. , 1991, International journal of cardiology.

[546]  L. Goldman.  Aortic stenosis in noncardiac surgery: underappreciated in more ways than one? , 2004, The American journal of medicine.

[547]  A. Tveit,et al.  Management of pregnant women with mechanical heart valve prosthesis: thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin. , 2009, Thrombosis research.

[548]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Management of less-than-severe mitral regurgitation: should guidelines recommend earlier surgical intervention? , 2011, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[549]  M. Georgieff,et al.  Influence of Phenylephrine Bolus Administration on Left Ventricular Filling Dynamics in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Patients with Valvular Aortic Stenosis , 1994, Anesthesiology.

[550]  S. Rahimtoola,et al.  Preoperative criteria predictive of late survival following valve replacement for severe aortic regurgitation. , 1981, American heart journal.

[551]  Mohit Rastogi,et al.  Effect of early diagnosis and treatment with percutaneous lead extraction on survival in patients with cardiac device infections. , 2012, The American journal of cardiology.

[552]  Mild and moderate aortic stenosis. Natural history and risk stratification by echocardiography. , 2004 .

[553]  A Mügge,et al.  Echocardiography in infective endocarditis: reassessment of prognostic implications of vegetation size determined by the transthoracic and the transesophageal approach. , 1989, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[554]  B. Griffith,et al.  Pulmonary hypertension adversely affects short- and long-term survival after mitral valve operation for mitral regurgitation: implications for timing of surgery. , 2011, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[555]  H. Kılıç,et al.  Tricuspid balloon valvuloplasty to treat tricuspid stenosis. , 2010, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[556]  D. Ngaage,et al.  Influence of preoperative atrial fibrillation on late results of mitral repair: is concomitant ablation justified? , 2007, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[557]  P. Ducimetiere,et al.  Functional results 5 years after successful percutaneous mitral commissurotomy in a series of 528 patients and analysis of predictive factors. , 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[558]  S. Krishnaswami,et al.  Closed mitral valvotomy: early results and long-term follow-up of 3724 consecutive patients. , 1983, Circulation.

[559]  J. Dunning,et al.  Should the tricuspid valve be replaced with a mechanical or biological valve? , 2007, Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery.

[560]  C. Chastang,et al.  Prosthetic valve endocarditis in the ICU. Prognostic factors of overall survival in a series of 122 cases and consequences for treatment decision. , 1995, Chest.

[561]  R. Weiss,et al.  Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis: Methods, Models, and Mechanisms , 2011, Circulation research.

[562]  Y. Hirota,et al.  Natural history and left ventricular response in chronic aortic regurgitation. , 1996, The American journal of cardiology.

[563]  M. Vaduganathan,et al.  Midterm survival in patients treated for atrial fibrillation: a propensity-matched comparison to patients without a history of atrial fibrillation. , 2012, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[564]  M. Ruel,et al.  Mechanical valve thrombosis with dabigatran. , 2012, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[565]  V. T. Borges,et al.  Effect of physiological overload on pregnancy in women with mitral regurgitation , 2011, Clinics.

[566]  K.Y. Wang,et al.  Impact of chronic advanced aortic regurgitation on the perioperative outcome of noncardiac surgery , 2010, Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica.

[567]  D Lacroix,et al.  Systemic infection related to endocarditis on pacemaker leads: clinical presentation and management. , 1997, Circulation.

[568]  P. Pellikka,et al.  Flow-Gradient Patterns in Severe Aortic Stenosis With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Clinical Characteristics and Predictors of Survival , 2013, Circulation.

[569]  C. Otto,et al.  Hemodynamic progression of aortic stenosis in adults assessed by Doppler echocardiography. , 1989, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[570]  C. Otto,et al.  Timing of aortic valve surgery , 2000, Heart.

[571]  R. Scognamiglio,et al.  Progression of myocardial dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic insufficiency , 1986, Clinical cardiology.

[572]  L L Huntsman,et al.  Determination of the stenotic aortic valve area in adults using Doppler echocardiography. , 1986, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[573]  R. Hetzer,et al.  Surgical therapy in patients with active infective endocarditis: seven-year single centre experience in a subgroup of 255 patients treated with the Shelhigh stentless bioprosthesis. , 2008, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[574]  A. Shiran,et al.  Tricuspid regurgitation in mitral valve disease incidence, prognostic implications, mechanism, and management. , 2009, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[575]  A. Dajani,et al.  PREVENTION OF BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS: RECOMMENDATIONS BY THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION , 1991, GMDA bulletin.

[576]  H. Schäfers,et al.  Valve Configuration Determines Long-Term Results After Repair of the Bicuspid Aortic Valve , 2011, Circulation.

[577]  P B Corr,et al.  The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. III. Development of a definitive surgical procedure. , 1991, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[578]  S. Attaran,et al.  Do all patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis need surgery? , 2012, Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery.

[579]  A. Rebuzzi,et al.  Usefulness of intracardiac echocardiography for the diagnosis of cardiovascular implantable electronic device-related endocarditis. , 2013, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[580]  S. Siu,et al.  Use of low molecular weight heparin in pregnant women with mechanical heart valves. , 2009, The American journal of cardiology.

[581]  M. S. Motta,et al.  Dobutamine stress echocardiography for noninvasive assessment and risk stratification of patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. , 2004, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[582]  H. Alkadhi,et al.  Accuracy of 64-slice computed tomography for the preoperative detection of coronary artery disease in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation. , 2007, The American journal of cardiology.

[583]  E. Botvinick,et al.  Echocardiographic demonstration of early mitral valve closure in severe aortic insufficiency. Its clinical implications. , 1975, Circulation.

[584]  Projected Valve Area at Normal Flow Rate Improves the Assessment of Stenosis Severity in Patients With Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis: The Multicenter TOPAS (Truly or Pseudo-Severe Aortic Stenosis) Study , 2006 .

[585]  C. Kȩpka,et al.  May dual-source computed tomography angiography replace invasive coronary angiography in the evaluation of patients referred for valvular disease surgery? , 2012, Kardiologia polska.

[586]  L. Olaison,et al.  A Clinical Study of Culture-Negative Endocarditis , 2003, Medicine.

[587]  J. González‐Macías,et al.  Evaluation of the Duke criteria in 93 episodes of prosthetic valve endocarditis: could sensitivity be improved? , 2000, Archives of internal medicine.

[588]  Bruno Hoen,et al.  Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis: a consequence of medical progress. , 2005, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA).

[589]  L. Braitman,et al.  Mitral annular calcium causing mitral stenosis. , 2010, The American journal of cardiology.

[590]  J. A. Daniel,et al.  Value of transesophageal echocardiography as an adjunct to transthoracic echocardiography in evaluation of native and prosthetic valve endocarditis. , 1991, Chest.

[591]  J. Anderson,et al.  Quantification of aortic regurgitation utilizing continuous wave Doppler ultrasound. , 1986, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[592]  C. Otto,et al.  Aortic Stenosis in Pregnancy , 1988, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[593]  Y. Sugishita,et al.  Pregnancy in cardiac patients: possible influence of volume overload by pregnancy on pulmonary circulation. , 1986, Japanese circulation journal.

[594]  R. Hart,et al.  Neurologic complications of infective endocarditis , 1991, Neurology.

[595]  S. Bolling,et al.  Impact of mitral valve annuloplasty on mortality risk in patients with mitral regurgitation and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. , 2005, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[596]  C. Otto,et al.  Doppler echocardiography in adults with symptomatic aortic stenosis. Diagnostic utility and cost-effectiveness. , 1988, Archives of internal medicine.

[597]  G. Geldner,et al.  Preoperative and perioperative care for patients with suspected or established aortic stenosis facing noncardiac surgery. , 2005, Chest.

[598]  E. Mylonakis,et al.  Infective endocarditis in adults. , 2001, New England Journal of Medicine.

[599]  G. Salanti,et al.  Antibiotic therapy for treatment of infective endocarditis , 2012 .

[600]  M. Lengyel,et al.  The impact of transesophageal echocardiography on the management of prosthetic valve endocarditis: experience of 31 cases and review of the literature. , 1997, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[601]  Jeroen J. Bax,et al.  Global longitudinal strain predicts left ventricular dysfunction after mitral valve repair. , 2013, European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging.

[602]  C. Vosa,et al.  Aortic valve replacement: a prospective randomized evaluation of mechanical versus biological valves in patients ages 55 to 70 years. , 2009, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[603]  S. Rahimtoola,et al.  Severe Aortic Stenosis in Patients 60 Years of Age and Older: Left Ventricular Function and 10‐year Survival After Valve Replacement , 1981, Circulation.

[604]  J L Cox,et al.  The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. IV. Surgical technique. , 1991, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[605]  GUIDELINES ON THE PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS (NEW VERSION 2009) , 2010 .

[606]  D. Ramsdale,et al.  Angina, coronary risk factors and coronary artery disease in patients with valvular disease. A prospective study. , 1984, European heart journal.

[607]  N. Pandian,et al.  Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Commissurotomy , 2014 .

[608]  A. Chenzbraun,et al.  Non-rheumatic annular mitral stenosis: prevalence and characteristics. , 2009, European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology.

[609]  T. Walles,et al.  Results of valve-sparing aortic root reconstruction in 158 consecutive patients. , 2002, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[610]  Smith Dc,et al.  Transesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis of traumatic rupture of the aorta. , 1995, The New England journal of medicine.

[611]  L. Eron,et al.  Clinical Use of the Duke Criteria in Patients With Suspected Infective Endocarditis and Negative Transesophageal Echocardiograms , 2012 .

[612]  W. White,et al.  Comparison of anticoagulation regimens after Carpentier-Edwards aortic or mitral valve replacement. , 1994, Circulation.

[613]  R. Nishimura,et al.  Isolated tricuspid valve surgery for severe tricuspid regurgitation following prior left heart valve surgery: analysis of outcome in 34 patients. , 1999, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[614]  D. Moher,et al.  A randomized trial of aspirin on the risk of embolic events in patients with infective endocarditis. , 2003 .

[615]  S. Markwell,et al.  Tricuspid valve surgery: the past 10 years from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. , 2012, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[616]  A. Evangelista,et al.  Long-term outcome of surgically treated aortic regurgitation: influence of guideline adherence toward early surgery. , 2006, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[617]  André Plass,et al.  Multislice computed tomography in infective endocarditis: comparison with transesophageal echocardiography and intraoperative findings. , 2009, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[618]  A. Berrebi,et al.  Management of multiple valve disease , 2010, Heart.

[619]  P. Pibarot,et al.  Prognostic importance of brain natriuretic peptide and left ventricular longitudinal function in asymptomatic degenerative mitral regurgitation , 2012, Heart.

[620]  R. F. Rushmer.  Initial phase of ventricular systole: asynchronous contraction. , 1955, The American journal of physiology.

[621]  B. Firth,et al.  Prognostic significance of preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction and valve lesion in patients with aortic valve replacement. , 1980, The American journal of cardiology.

[622]  K. Bailey,et al.  The natural history of adults with asymptomatic, hemodynamically significant aortic stenosis. , 1990, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[623]  Damien Garcia,et al.  Reduced systemic arterial compliance impacts significantly on left ventricular afterload and function in aortic stenosis: implications for diagnosis and treatment. , 2005, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[624]  R. Becker,et al.  Intracardiac surgery in pregnant women. , 1983, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[625]  Ho Hee-Hwa,et al.  Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis in a Multicenter Registry of Chinese Patients , 2010 .

[626]  Alain Prat,et al.  Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: early results of the FRANCE (FRench Aortic National CoreValve and Edwards) registry. , 2011, European heart journal.

[627]  V. Džavík,et al.  Role of transesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of prosthetic valve thrombosis. , 1991, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[628]  C. Duran,et al.  Valve Repair in Rheumatic Mitral Disease: An Unsolved Problem , 1994, Journal of cardiac surgery.

[629]  H. Rimington,et al.  Exercise testing to stratify risk in aortic stenosis. , 2005, European heart journal.

[630]  M. Cheitlin,et al.  Vasodilator therapy in chronic asymptomatic aortic regurgitation: enalapril versus hydralazine therapy. , 1994, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[631]  M. Hannan,et al.  In-hospital and 1-year mortality in patients undergoing early surgery for prosthetic valve endocarditis. , 2013, JAMA internal medicine.

[632]  J. Alpert,et al.  Antithrombotic therapy in patients with mechanical and biological prosthetic heart valves. , 1992, Chest.

[633]  D. Delurgio,et al.  Effect of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy on Left Ventricular Size and Function in Chronic Heart Failure , 2003, Circulation.

[634]  R. Falk,et al.  Effects of exercise on transmitral gradient and pulmonary artery pressure in patients with mitral stenosis or a prosthetic mitral valve: a Doppler echocardiographic study. , 1991, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[635]  T. Wisenbaugh,et al.  Obstruction of mechanical heart valve prostheses: clinical aspects and surgical management. , 1991, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[636]  D. Ferguson,et al.  Sympathoinhibitory responses to digitalis glycosides in heart failure patients. Direct evidence from sympathetic neural recordings. , 1989, Circulation.

[637]  B. Sievers,et al.  Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion assessed using MRI for semi-quantification of right ventricular ejection fraction. , 2012, The British journal of radiology.

[638]  Vance G Fowler,et al.  Changing patient characteristics and the effect on mortality in endocarditis. , 2002, Archives of internal medicine.

[639]  C M Otto,et al.  The bicuspid aortic valve: an integrated phenotypic classification of leaflet morphology and aortic root shape , 2008, Heart.

[640]  S. Connolly,et al.  Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves. , 2013, The New England journal of medicine.

[641]  C. Otto.  Doppler Echocardiographic Evaluation of Aortic and Mitral Stenosis , 1999, Echocardiography.

[642]  M. Kern,et al.  Addressing the hemodynamic dilemma of combined mitral and aortic stenosis , 2008, Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions.

[643]  M. LeWinter,et al.  Mitral valve replacement versus mitral valve repair. A Doppler and quantitative stress echocardiographic study. , 1994, Circulation.

[644]  B. Strauer,et al.  Pathomorphological aspects, aetiology and natural history of acquired mitral valve stenosis. , 1991, European heart journal.

[645]  G. Vlahakes,et al.  Early and late results of the surgical correction of cardiac prosthetic paravalvular leaks. , 2005, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[646]  J. Gardin,et al.  Anticoagulation in Infective Endocarditis: A Survey of Infectious Disease Specialists and Cardiologists , 2005 .

[647]  C. Tribouilloy,et al.  Aortic valve replacement for low-flow/low-gradient aortic stenosis operative risk stratification and long-term outcome: a European multicenter study. , 2008, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[648]  A. Tunkel,et al.  Neurologic complications of infective endocarditis. , 1993, Neurologic clinics.

[649]  C. Lang,et al.  Impact of renin-angiotensin system blockade therapy on outcome in aortic stenosis. , 2011, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[650]  I. Palacios,et al.  Three‐Year Outcome After Balloon Aortic Valvuloplast: Insights Into Prognosis of Valvular Aortic Stenosis , 1994, Circulation.

[651]  J. Atterhög,et al.  Exercise testing: a prospective study of complication rates. , 1979, American heart journal.

[652]  E. Blackstone,et al.  Hemodynamic stability during 17 years of the Carpentier-Edwards aortic pericardial bioprosthesis. , 2002, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[653]  A J Tajik,et al.  Progression of mitral regurgitation: a prospective Doppler echocardiographic study. , 1999, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[654]  James D. Thomas,et al.  Ventricular Geometry, Strain, and Rotational Mechanics in Pulmonary Hypertension , 2010, Circulation.

[655]  E. Wong,et al.  Prosthetic valve endocarditis: superiority of surgical valve replacement versus medical therapy only. , 1994, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[656]  D. Andreini,et al.  Comparison of feasibility and accuracy of transthoracic echocardiography versus computed tomography in patients with known ascending aortic aneurysm. , 2006, The American journal of cardiology.

[657]  H. B. Sprague,et al.  The course of mitral stenosis without surgery: ten- and twenty-year perspectives. , 1960, Annals of internal medicine.

[658]  V. Hjortdal,et al.  Pregnancy with prosthetic heart valves - 30 years' nationwide experience in Denmark. , 2011, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[659]  P. Pibarot,et al.  Outcome of patients with aortic stenosis, small valve area, and low-flow, low-gradient despite preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. , 2012, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[660]  Surbhi Leekha,et al.  General Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy , 2011, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[661]  F. Alla,et al.  Changing profile of infective endocarditis: results of a 1-year survey in France. , 2002, JAMA.

[662]  G. Karthikeyan,et al.  Urgent surgery compared with fibrinolytic therapy for the treatment of left-sided prosthetic heart valve thrombosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. , 2013, European heart journal.

[663]  G. Gottlieb,et al.  Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia , 1997 .

[664]  S. Kovacs,et al.  Duration of diastole and its phases as a function of heart rate during supine bicycle exercise. , 2004, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[665]  R. Körfer,et al.  Prosthetic valve endocarditis , 2001, Heart.

[666]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Aortic regurgitation complicated by extreme left ventricular dilation: long-term outcome after surgical correction. , 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[667]  F. Shawl,et al.  Asymptomatic left main coronary artery disease , 1981 .

[668]  R. L. Thompson,et al.  Anticoagulant Therapy and Central Nervous System Complications in Patients with Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis , 1978, Circulation.

[669]  K. Hammermeister,et al.  Preoperative identification of patients likely to have left ventricular dysfunction after aortic valve replacement. Participants in the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study on Valvular Heart Disease. , 1989, Circulation.

[670]  Karen J. Buth,et al.  Frail Patients Are at Increased Risk for Mortality and Prolonged Institutional Care After Cardiac Surgery , 2010, Circulation.

[671]  D. Singer,et al.  Death and disability from warfarin-associated intracranial and extracranial hemorrhages. , 2007, The American journal of medicine.

[672]  B. Carabello,et al.  Effects of chronic beta-adrenergic blockade on the left ventricular and cardiocyte abnormalities of chronic canine mitral regurgitation. , 1994, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[673]  U. Elkayam,et al.  Valvular heart disease and pregnancy part I: native valves. , 2005, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[674]  M. Schemper,et al.  Outcome of combined stenotic and regurgitant aortic valve disease. , 2013, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[675]  P. Wood.  An Appreciation of Mitral Stenosis—I* , 1954 .

[676]  R. Hall,et al.  Role of balloon dilatation of the aortic valve in pregnant patients with severe aortic stenosis. , 1993, British heart journal.

[677]  E. Donal,et al.  Clinical outcome in asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis: insights from the new proposed aortic stenosis grading classification. , 2012, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[678]  R. Bergström,et al.  Observed and relative survival after aortic valve replacement. , 2000, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[679]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Outcomes After Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Severe Aortic Regurgitation and Markedly Reduced Left Ventricular Function , 2002, Circulation.

[680]  M. Lauer,et al.  Survival after aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis with low transvalvular gradients and severe left ventricular dysfunction. , 2002, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[681]  Marinus J C Eijkemans,et al.  Patient outcome after aortic valve replacement with a mechanical or biological prosthesis: weighing lifetime anticoagulant-related event risk against reoperation risk. , 2009, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[682]  Gilbert Habib,et al.  Predictors of death and impact of surgery in Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis. , 2007, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[683]  B. Iung,et al.  Long-term efficacy of percutaneous mitral commissurotomy for restenosis after previous mitral commissurotomy , 2013, Heart.

[684]  C Cabrol,et al.  Active native valve endocarditis: determinants of operative death and late mortality. , 1997, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[685]  Sanjay Kaul,et al.  2012 ACCF/AATS/SCAI/STS expert consensus document on transcatheter aortic valve replacement. , 2012, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[686]  F. Aziz,et al.  Anticoagulation monitoring by an anticoagulation service is more cost-effective than routine physician care. , 2010, Journal of vascular surgery.

[687]  Effects of initiating carvedilol in patients with severe chronic heart failure: results from the COPERNICUS Study. , 2003 .

[688]  B. Griffin,et al.  Congenital bicuspid aortic valve and rate of ascending aortic dilatation. , 2004, The American journal of cardiology.

[689]  R. Lange,et al.  Reoperations on the pulmonary autograft and pulmonary homograft after the Ross procedure: An update on the German Dutch Ross Registry. , 2012, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[690]  Y. Ko,et al.  Predictors of Systemic Embolism in Patients with Mitral Stenosis: A Prospective Study , 1998, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[691]  D. Adams,et al.  A propensity score-adjusted retrospective comparison of early and mid-term results of mitral valve repair versus replacement in octogenarians. , 2011, European heart journal.

[692]  D. Mozaffarian,et al.  Association of renal function with cardiac calcifications in older adults: the cardiovascular health study. , 2008, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[693]  G. Pohost,et al.  Interstudy reproducibility of biplane cine nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of left ventricular function. , 1991, The American journal of cardiology.

[694]  V. Fuster,et al.  A near 100% repair rate for mitral valve prolapse is achievable in a reference center: implications for future guidelines. , 2012, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[695]  A. Menchero,et al.  Cierre percutáneo de las dehiscencias periprotésicas mitrales. ¿La alternativa a una cirugía de alto riesgo? , 2009 .

[696]  D Horstkotte,et al.  Prosthetic valve thrombosis. , 1995, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[697]  L. Ginzton,et al.  Transesophageal echocardiography in diagnosis of infective endocarditis. , 1994, Chest.

[698]  Adil A M Al-Lawati,et al.  Pregnancy and mechanical heart valves replacement; dilemma of anticoagulation. , 2002, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[699]  R. Pai,et al.  New insights into the progression of aortic stenosis: implications for secondary prevention. , 2000, Circulation.

[700]  L. Baddour,et al.  Antibiotic prophylaxis in dermatologic surgery: advisory statement 2008. , 2008, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[701]  R. Choudhury,et al.  New insights into the progression of aortic stenosis: implications for secondary prevention. , 2000, Circulation.

[702]  J. Seward,et al.  Continuous-wave Doppler echocardiographic assessment of severity of calcific aortic stenosis: a simultaneous Doppler-catheter correlative study in 100 adult patients. , 1985, Circulation.

[703]  M. Zile,et al.  Mitral Valve Replacement With and Without Chordal Preservation in Patients With Chronic Mitral Regurgitation: Mechanisms for Differences in Postoperative Ejection Performance , 1992, Circulation.

[704]  E. Yellin,et al.  Mechanism of reduction of mitral regurgitation with vasodilator therapy. , 1979, The American journal of cardiology.

[705]  I. Kronzon,et al.  Sensitivity of transthoracic versus transesophageal echocardiography for the detection of native valve vegetations in the modern era. , 2003, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[706]  R Alagesan,et al.  Safety and efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in symptomatic severe aortic stenosis: Symptomatic Cardiac Obstruction-Pilot Study of Enalapril in Aortic Stenosis (SCOPE-AS). , 2004, American heart journal.

[707]  Piet Claus,et al.  Infective endocarditis: changing epidemiology and predictors of 6-month mortality: a prospective cohort study. , 2006, European heart journal.

[708]  O. Mutchinick,et al.  Failure of adjusted doses of subcutaneous heparin to prevent thromboembolic phenomena in pregnant patients with mechanical cardiac valve prostheses. , 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[709]  L. Cohn,et al.  The effect of pathophysiology on the surgical treatment of ischemic mitral regurgitation: operative and late risks of repair versus replacement. , 1995, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[710]  R. Ronderos,et al.  Are all echocardiographic findings equally predictive for diagnosis in prosthetic endocarditis? , 2004, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[711]  R. Whitlock,et al.  Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy for valvular disease: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. , 2012, Chest.

[712]  J. O’Keefe,et al.  Risk of noncardiac surgical procedures in patients with aortic stenosis. , 1989, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[713]  S. Bolling,et al.  The Tricuspid Valve: Current Perspective and Evolving Management of Tricuspid Regurgitation , 2009, Circulation.

[714]  G. Ruvolo,et al.  POINT: Efficacy of adding mitral valve restrictive annuloplasty to coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with moderate ischemic mitral valve regurgitation: a randomized trial. , 2009, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[715]  L. Pierard,et al.  Exercise-induced changes in degenerative mitral regurgitation. , 2010, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[716]  P. Kligfield,et al.  Prediction of indications for valve replacement among asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular performance. , 1998, Circulation.

[717]  W. Abelmann,et al.  The spectrum of pure mitral stenosis. Hemodynamic studies in relation to clinical disability. , 1962, The American journal of cardiology.

[718]  Â. Nobre,et al.  Impact of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in cardiac surgery: retrospective analysis of a series of 850 examinations. , 2010, Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgao oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology.

[719]  Karl Swedberg,et al.  Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function taking angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Added trial , 2003, The Lancet.

[720]  J. Stein,et al.  Mitral annular calcification is associated with reduced left ventricular function and inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease. , 2008, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[721]  I. Rodger,et al.  Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 and activation of nuclear factor-kappaB in myocardium of patients with congestive heart failure. , 1998, Circulation.

[722]  S. Siu,et al.  Prospective Multicenter Study of Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Heart Disease , 2002 .

[723]  U. Elkayam,et al.  Valvular heart disease and pregnancy: part II: prosthetic valves. , 2005, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[724]  Bijoy K Khandheria,et al.  Recommendations for evaluation of prosthetic valves with echocardiography and doppler ultrasound: a report From the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Task Force on Prosthetic Valves, developed in conjunction with the American College of Cardiology Card , 2009, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[725]  Gilbert Habib,et al.  Aortic valve endocarditis: is there an optimal surgical timing? , 2007, Current opinion in cardiology.

[726]  Krishnaswamy Chandrasekaran,et al.  Impact of prior antiplatelet therapy on risk of embolism in infective endocarditis. , 2007, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[727]  E. Staal,et al.  Hypertension in Aortic Stenosis: Implications for Left Ventricular Structure and Cardiovascular Events , 2012, Hypertension.

[728]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Quantitative echocardiographic determinants of clinical outcome in asymptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation: a prospective study. , 2008, JACC. Cardiovascular imaging.

[729]  Kenneth A Ellenbogen,et al.  2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update on the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (updating the 2006 guideline): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. , 2011, Circulation.

[730]  D. Holmes,et al.  Echocardiographic assessment of commissural calcium: a simple predictor of outcome after percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy. , 1997, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[731]  A. Magdy,et al.  Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Commissurotomy During Pregnancy , 2001, Angiology.

[732]  E. Blackstone,et al.  Improved outcomes after aortic valve surgery for chronic aortic regurgitation with severe left ventricular dysfunction. , 2007, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[733]  Martin Misfeld,et al.  Learning Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery: A Cumulative Sum Sequential Probability Analysis of 3895 Operations From a Single High-Volume Center , 2013, Circulation.

[734]  B. Prendergast,et al.  Surgery for Infective Endocarditis: Who and When? , 2010, Circulation.

[735]  S. Yusuf,et al.  Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. , 1992, The New England journal of medicine.

[736]  Mike Kirby,et al.  Guidelines on the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy The Task Force on the Management of Cardiovascular Diseases during Pregnancy of the European Society of Cardiology ( ESC ) , 2011 .

[737]  K. Theodoraki,et al.  Hemodynamic effects of combination therapy with inhaled nitric oxide and iloprost in patients with pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction after high-risk cardiac surgery. , 2013, Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia.

[738]  Mark D. Huffman,et al.  Executive summary: heart disease and stroke statistics--2013 update: a report from the American Heart Association. , 2013, Circulation.

[739]  P. Oberti,et al.  Prospective validation of the prognostic usefulness of B-type natriuretic peptide in asymptomatic patients with chronic severe aortic regurgitation. , 2009, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[740]  H. Baumgartner,et al.  Predictors of Outcomes in Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis: Results of the Multicenter TOPAS Study , 2008, Circulation.

[741]  S. Siu,et al.  Early and intermediate-term outcomes of pregnancy with congenital aortic stenosis. , 2003, The American journal of cardiology.

[742]  P. Tornos,et al.  Sex differences in native-valve infective endocarditis in a single tertiary-care hospital. , 2010, The American journal of cardiology.

[743]  Jeevanantham Rajeswaran,et al.  Tricuspid valve repair: durability and risk factors for failure. , 2004, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[744]  H. White,et al.  Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function assessed by tissue Doppler imaging and outcome in asymptomatic aortic stenosis. , 2010, European heart journal.

[745]  Sean M. O'Brien,et al.  Fifteen-year outcome trends for valve surgery in North America. , 2011, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[746]  Philip Greenland,et al.  Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk by Use of Multiple-Risk-Factor Assessment Equations , 1999 .

[747]  G. Levine,et al.  2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. , 2011, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[748]  D. Raoult,et al.  Dramatic reduction in infective endocarditis-related mortality with a management-based approach. , 2009, Archives of internal medicine.

[749]  I. Palacios,et al.  Inaccuracy of mitral pressure half-time immediately after percutaneous mitral valvotomy. Dependence on transmitral gradient and left atrial and ventricular compliance. , 1988, Circulation.

[750]  F. Laurent,et al.  Predictive value of noninvasive coronary angiography with multidetector computed tomography to detect significant coronary stenosis before valve surgery. , 2006, The American journal of cardiology.

[751]  Richard B. Brown,et al.  Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy for Infective Endocarditis , 1995 .

[752]  F. Follath,et al.  Long term follow up of prosthetic valve endocarditis: what characteristics identify patients who were treated successfully with antibiotics alone? , 1999, Heart.

[753]  R. Erbel,et al.  Improved diagnostic value of echocardiography in patients with infective endocarditis by transoesophageal approach. A prospective study. , 1988, European heart journal.

[754]  J. Zamorano,et al.  Rosuvastatin affecting aortic valve endothelium to slow the progression of aortic stenosis. , 2007, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[755]  M G Amato,et al.  Comparison of an anticoagulation clinic with usual medical care: anticoagulation control, patient outcomes, and health care costs. , 1998, Archives of internal medicine.

[756]  C. Higgins,et al.  Noninvasive evaluation of global left ventricular function with use of cine nuclear magnetic resonance. , 1989, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[757]  U Nixdorff,et al.  Prediction of rapid versus prolonged healing of infective endocarditis by monitoring vegetation size. , 1991, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[758]  N. Nanda,et al.  Can two-dimensional echocardiography and Doppler color flow mapping identify the need for tricuspid valve repair? , 1989, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[759]  Samin K. Sharma,et al.  Angina pectoris in Severe Aortic Stenosis , 2000, Cardiology.

[760]  T. Ortel,et al.  Low-molecular-weight heparin for thromboprophylaxis in pregnant women with mechanical heart valves , 2006, The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians.

[761]  R. Arora,et al.  Immediate and long-term results of balloon and surgical closed mitral valvotomy: a randomized comparative study. , 1993, American heart journal.

[762]  Y. Saiki,et al.  Intraoperative TEE during mitral valve repair: does it predict early and late postoperative mitral valve dysfunction? , 1998, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[763]  G G Hartnell,et al.  Imaging of Aortic Aneurysms and Dissection: CT and MRI , 2001, Journal of thoracic imaging.

[764]  S. Clark,et al.  Cardiac Surgery during Pregnancy , 1994, Clinical obstetrics and gynecology.

[765]  P. Serruys,et al.  Echocardiography in Chronic Aortic Insufficiency: Is Valve Replacement Too Late When Left Ventricular End-systolic Dimension Reaches 55 mm? , 1983, Circulation.

[766]  G. Ginsberg,et al.  Use of antimicrobials for EUS-guided FNA of pancreatic cysts: a retrospective, comparative analysis. , 2011, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[767]  M. Schemper,et al.  Predictors of outcome in severe, asymptomatic aortic stenosis. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[768]  S. Pocock,et al.  Transcatheter aortic-valve implantation for aortic stenosis in patients who cannot undergo surgery. , 2010, The New England journal of medicine.

[769]  S. Rahimtoola,et al.  Choice of prosthetic heart valve in adults an update. , 2010, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[770]  K. Hammermeister,et al.  Clinical Investigation Determinants of Survival and Left Ventricular Performance After Mitral Valve Replacement , 2005 .

[771]  B. Iung,et al.  Late Results of Percutaneous Mitral Commissurotomy up to 20 Years: Development and Validation of a Risk Score Predicting Late Functional Results From a Series of 912 Patients , 2012, Circulation.

[772]  D. Vaughan,et al.  Hybrid cardiovascular procedures. , 2008, JACC. Cardiovascular interventions.

[773]  Laura A. Levit,et al.  Finding what works in health care : standards for systematic reviews , 2011 .

[774]  Leonardo Mancini,et al.  Risk of embolization after institution of antibiotic therapy for infective endocarditis. , 2002, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[775]  A. Bolger,et al.  Prevention of bacterial endocarditis. , 1983, Medical times.

[776]  A. Bloch,et al.  Value of exercise testing to evaluate the indication for surgery in asymptomatic patients with valvular aortic stenosis. , 2002, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[777]  B. Lytle,et al.  Early onset prosthetic valve endocarditis: the Cleveland Clinic experience 1992-1997. , 2000, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[778]  S. Mohr-Kahaly,et al.  Improvement of tricuspid regurgitation after pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. , 2002, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[779]  E. Mahmud,et al.  Does lowering pulmonary arterial pressure eliminate severe functional tricuspid regurgitation? Insights from pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. , 2004, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[780]  M. Okada,et al.  Long-term evaluation of treatment for functional tricuspid regurgitation with regurgitant volume: characteristic differences based on primary cardiac lesion. , 1999, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[781]  S. Choo,et al.  Echocardiographic evaluation of mitral durability following valve repair in rheumatic mitral valve disease: impact of Maze procedure. , 2014, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[782]  John A Elefteriades,et al.  Yearly rupture or dissection rates for thoracic aortic aneurysms: simple prediction based on size. , 2002, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[783]  Philippe Pibarot,et al.  Left ventricular contractile reserve in asymptomatic primary mitral regurgitation. , 2014, European heart journal.

[784]  C. O'connor,et al.  Relation of frequency and severity of mitral regurgitation to survival among patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure. , 2003, The American journal of cardiology.

[785]  Xavier Duval,et al.  Estimated risk of endocarditis in adults with predisposing cardiac conditions undergoing dental procedures with or without antibiotic prophylaxis. , 2006, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[786]  D. Durack,et al.  New criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis: utilization of specific echocardiographic findings. Duke Endocarditis Service. , 1994, The American journal of medicine.

[787]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Impact of preoperative symptoms on survival after surgical correction of organic mitral regurgitation: rationale for optimizing surgical indications. , 1999, Circulation.

[788]  E. Lesaffre,et al.  Autograft and pulmonary allograft performance in the second post-operative decade after the Ross procedure: insights from the Rotterdam Prospective Cohort Study. , 2012, European heart journal.

[789]  K. Wu,et al.  Cyclooxygenase-2 induction in congestive heart failure: friend or foe? , 1998, Circulation.

[790]  A. Mügge,et al.  VALVULAR AND STRUCTURAL HEART DISEASES Original Studies Clinical Outcome of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Patients With Low-Flow, Low Gradient Aortic Stenosis , 2012 .

[791]  T. Miller,et al.  The Safety of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in a Population With High-Risk Cardiovascular Diseases , 2012, Circulation.

[792]  P. Mykén,et al.  A 20-year experience of 1712 patients with the Biocor porcine bioprosthesis. , 2009, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[793]  A. Della Corte,et al.  Mechanical aortic valve replacement in young women planning on pregnancy: maternal and fetal outcomes under low oral anticoagulation, a pilot observational study on a comprehensive pre-operative counseling protocol. , 2012, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[794]  David L Hayes,et al.  Infective endocarditis complicating permanent pacemaker and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator infection. , 2008, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[795]  Jeroen J. Bax,et al.  Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy as a Therapeutic Option in Patients With Moderate-Severe Functional Mitral Regurgitation and High Operative Risk , 2011, Circulation.

[796]  J. Chambers,et al.  Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE recommendations for clinical practice. , 2009, European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology.

[797]  Franz Schwarz,et al.  The Effect of Aortic Valve Replacement on Survival , 1982, Circulation.

[798]  A. Laupacis,et al.  A comparison of aspirin with placebo in patients treated with warfarin after heart-valve replacement. , 1993, The New England journal of medicine.

[799]  A. Salvador,et al.  Comparative effects of antiplatelet, anticoagulant, or combined therapy in patients with valvular and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a randomized multicenter study. , 2004, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[800]  Intracranial hemorrhage and infarction in anticoagulated patients with prosthetic heart valves. , 1978 .

[801]  J. Jacobs,et al.  Noninferiority of closely monitored mechanical valves to bioprostheses overshadowed by early mortality benefit in younger patients. , 2012, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[802]  C. Sprung,et al.  Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock 2012 , 2013, Critical care medicine.

[803]  Mario J. Garcia,et al.  Aortic valve replacement in patients with mild or moderate aortic stenosis and coronary bypass surgery , 2005 .

[804]  N. Schiller,et al.  Diagnostic value of transesophageal compared with transthoracic echocardiography in infective endocarditis. , 1991, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[805]  S. Gallina,et al.  Mitral valve surgery for functional mitral regurgitation: prognostic role of tricuspid regurgitation. , 2009, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[806]  C. Polanczyk,et al.  Outcome following isolated tricuspid valve replacement. , 2001, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[807]  Sean M. O'Brien,et al.  Longitudinal outcome of isolated mitral repair in older patients: results from 14,604 procedures performed from 1991 to 2007. , 2012, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[808]  J. Webb,et al.  Percutaneous closure of an aortic prosthetic paravalvular leak with an Amplatzer duct occluder , 2005, Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions.

[809]  H. Schaff,et al.  TGF-β signalling and reactive oxygen species drive fibrosis and matrix remodelling in myxomatous mitral valves. , 2013, Cardiovascular research.

[810]  F. Arias,et al.  Aortic stenosis and pregnancy. , 1978, The Journal of reproductive medicine.

[811]  J. Douketis,et al.  Perioperative management of antithrombotic therapy: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. , 2012, Chest.

[812]  Eugene H Blackstone,et al.  Robotic repair of posterior mitral valve prolapse versus conventional approaches: potential realized. , 2011, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[813]  K. Eagle,et al.  Coil embolization of a periprosthetic mitral valve leak associated with severe hemolytic anemia. , 2001, Circulation.

[814]  R. Passman,et al.  Late neurologic events after surgery for atrial fibrillation: rare but relevant. , 2013, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[815]  R. Devereux,et al.  Association of aortic dilation with regurgitant, stenotic and functionally normal bicuspid aortic valves. , 1992, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[816]  G. Dreyfus,et al.  Tricuspid leaflet augmentation to address severe tethering in functional tricuspid regurgitation. , 2008, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[817]  J. Hirsh,et al.  RANDOMISED COMPARISON OF TWO INTENSITIES OF ORAL ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY AFTER TISSUE HEART VALVE REPLACEMENT , 1988, The Lancet.

[818]  R. Lange,et al.  Operation for infective endocarditis: results after implantation of mechanical valves. , 1998, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[819]  A. Nath,et al.  Immediate anticoagulation of embolic stroke: brain hemorrhage and management options. Cerebral Embolism Study Group. , 1984, Stroke.

[820]  J. S. San Román,et al.  Prognostic role of persistent positive blood cultures after initiation of antibiotic therapy in left-sided infective endocarditis. , 2013, European heart journal.

[821]  B. Chaitman,et al.  Comparison of surgical and medical group survival in patients with left main coronary artery disease. Long-term CASS experience. , 1995, Circulation.

[822]  F. Van de Werf,et al.  Comparison of thrombolysis versus surgery as a first line therapy for prosthetic heart valve thrombosis. , 2011, The American journal of cardiology.

[823]  C. Siu,et al.  Comparison of the efficacy and safety profiles of intravenous vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma as treatment of warfarin-related over-anticoagulation in patients with mechanical heart valves. , 2006, The American journal of cardiology.

[824]  Gary S. Mintz,et al.  Transesophageal Echocardiographic Recognition of Subaortic Complications in Aortic Valve Endocarditis: Clinical and Surgical Implications , 1992, Circulation.

[825]  T. Denney,et al.  A randomized controlled phase IIb trial of beta(1)-receptor blockade for chronic degenerative mitral regurgitation. , 2012, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[826]  F. Tubach,et al.  Neurologic complications and outcomes of infective endocarditis in critically ill patients: The ENDOcardite en REAnimation prospective multicenter study* , 2011, Critical care medicine.

[827]  L. Sugeng,et al.  Accuracy of mitral valve area measurements using transthoracic rapid freehand 3-dimensional scanning: comparison with noninvasive and invasive methods. , 2003, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[828]  Alain Cribier,et al.  Transcatheter aortic valve implantation 10-year anniversary: review of current evidence and clinical implications. , 2012, European heart journal.

[829]  D. Miller,et al.  Reoperation for aortic valve periprosthetic leakage: identification of patients at risk and results of operation. , 1995, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[830]  P. Guéret,et al.  Transesophageal Echocardiography for the Diagnosis and Management of Nonobstructive Thrombosis of Mechanical Mitral Valve Prosthesis , 1995, Circulation.

[831]  R. Scognamiglio,et al.  Effects of unloading and positive inotropic interventions on left ventricular function in asymptomatic patients with chronic severe aortic insufficiency , 1987, Clinical cardiology.

[832]  L. Svensson,et al.  Toward predictable repair of regurgitant aortic valves: a systematic morphology-directed approach to bicommissural repair. , 2008, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[833]  Jennifer Taylor.  The first ESC Guidelines on the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy. , 2011, European heart journal.

[834]  J. Bonnet,et al.  Early and long-term (one-year) effects of the association of aspirin and oral anticoagulant on thrombi and morbidity after replacement of the mitral valve with the St. Jude medical prosthesis: a clinical and transesophageal echocardiographic study. , 2000, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[835]  Young‐Bae Park,et al.  Development of tricuspid regurgitation late after left-sided valve surgery: a single-center experience with long-term echocardiographic examinations. , 2008, American heart journal.

[836]  M. Cheitlin.  Stress echocardiography in mitral stenosis: when is it useful? , 2004, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[837]  J. Hausleiter,et al.  Percutaneous mitral valve interventions in the real world: early and 1-year results from the ACCESS-EU, a prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized post-approval study of the MitraClip therapy in Europe. , 2013, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[838]  N. Samani,et al.  The effect of preoperative atrial fibrillation on survival following mitral valve repair for degenerative mitral regurgitation. , 2007, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[839]  G. Gerosa,et al.  Valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis with low transvalvular gradient and left ventricular ejection fraction exceeding 0.50. , 2011, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[840]  Krzysztof Wróbel,et al.  Influence of Mitral Regurgitation Repair on Survival in the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure Trial , 2012, Circulation.

[841]  J. Thomas,et al.  Calculation of mitral regurgitant orifice area with use of a simplified proximal convergence method: initial clinical application. , 2001, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[842]  G. Habib.  Embolic risk in subacute bacterial endocarditis: Determinants and role of transesophageal echocardiography , 2005, Current cardiology reports.

[843]  A. Vitarelli,et al.  Assessment of severity of mechanical prosthetic mitral regurgitation by transoesophageal echocardiography , 2004, Heart.

[844]  B. Carabello,et al.  Contemporary Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine Hemodynamics in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory of the 21st Century , 2012 .

[845]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Thromboembolic complications after surgical correction of mitral regurgitation incidence, predictors, and clinical implications. , 2008, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[846]  G Chatellier,et al.  Very Long-Term Results (More Than 20 Years) of Valve Repair With Carpentier’s Techniques in Nonrheumatic Mitral Valve Insufficiency , 2001, Circulation.

[847]  I. Kronzon,et al.  Transesophageal echocardiography to detect atrial clots in candidates for percutaneous transseptal mitral balloon valvuloplasty. , 1990, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[848]  H. Schaff,et al.  Low-Output, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis in Patients With Depressed Left Ventricular Systolic Function: The Clinical Utility of the Dobutamine Challenge in the Catheterization Laboratory , 2002, Circulation.

[849]  V. Vats,et al.  Outcomes of oral anticoagulant therapy managed by telephone vs in-office visits in an anticoagulation clinic setting. , 2006, Chest.

[850]  S M Grundy,et al.  Assessment of cardiovascular risk by use of multiple-risk-factor assessment equations: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology. , 1999, Circulation.

[851]  H. Schön.  Hemodynamic and morphologic changes after long‐term angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in patients with chronic valvular regurgitation , 1994, Journal of hypertension. Supplement : official journal of the International Society of Hypertension.

[852]  A. Parisi,et al.  Reproducibility of echocardiography. A study evaluating the variability of serial echocardiographic measurements. , 1981, Chest.

[853]  J. Seward,et al.  Progression of aortic stenosis in adults: new appraisal using Doppler echocardiography. , 1990, American heart journal.

[854]  D. Nelson.  Infectious disease complications of GI endoscopy: Part I, endogenous infections. , 2003, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[855]  S. Iliceto,et al.  Standardized Low–Molecular-Weight Heparin Bridging Regimen in Outpatients on Oral Anticoagulants Undergoing Invasive Procedure or Surgery: An Inception Cohort Management Study , 2009, Circulation.

[856]  C. Otto,et al.  Hemodynamic Effects of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, Ramipril, in Patients with Mild to Moderate Aortic Stenosis and Preserved Left Ventricular Function , 2004, Journal of Investigative Medicine.

[857]  Effects of afterload reduction on vena contracta width in mitral regurgitation. , 1998, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[858]  H. Worthington,et al.  Antibiotics for the prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis in dentistry. , 2013, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[859]  R. Levine,et al.  Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. , 2003, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[860]  J. Soler‐Soler,et al.  Worldwide perspective of valve disease , 2000, Heart.

[861]  S. Konstadt,et al.  Anesthetic Considerations in the Patient With Valvular Heart Disease Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery , 2008, Seminars in cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia.

[862]  A. Quyyumi,et al.  Insertion-deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene modulates reversibility of endothelial dysfunction with ACE inhibition. , 2000, Circulation.

[863]  D. Partridge,et al.  Outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy for infective endocarditis: a review of 4 years' experience at a UK centre , 2012, Postgraduate Medical Journal.

[864]  B. Lytle,et al.  Fungal Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis in 16 Patients An 11‐Year Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital , 1997, Medicine.

[865]  B. Iung,et al.  Effect of Early Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging on Clinical Decisions in Infective Endocarditis , 2010, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[866]  G. Helft,et al.  Routine breath-hold gradient echo MRI-derived right ventricular mass, volumes and function: accuracy, reproducibility and coherence study , 2004, The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging.

[867]  P. Tornos,et al.  Late prosthetic valve endocarditis. Immediate and long-term prognosis. , 1992, Chest.

[868]  J. Elefteriades,et al.  Natural history of ascending aortic aneurysms in the setting of an unreplaced bicuspid aortic valve. , 2007, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[869]  J. Gardin,et al.  Burden of valvular heart diseases: a population-based study , 2006, The Lancet.

[870]  C. Otto,et al.  Timing of surgery in asymptomatic mitral regurgitation. , 2005, The New England journal of medicine.

[871]  J. Bourke,et al.  Effect of mitral valve repair/replacement surgery on atrial arrhythmia behavior. , 2004, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[872]  W. Wilson,et al.  Risk factors for infective endocarditis. , 1993, Infectious disease clinics of North America.

[873]  J. Kisslo,et al.  Negative predictive value of the Duke criteria for infective endocarditis. , 1996, The American journal of cardiology.

[874]  A. Pavie,et al.  Prosthetic valve endocarditis with ring abscesses. Surgical management and long-term results. , 1993, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[875]  W. E. Kemp,et al.  Echocardiography in infective endocarditis. , 1999, Southern medical journal.

[876]  J. Carroll,et al.  Chronic aortic regurgitation: prognostic value of left ventricular end-systolic dimension and end-diastolic radius/thickness ratio. , 1983, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[877]  S. Gallina,et al.  Mitral valve surgery for functional mitral regurgitation: should moderate-or-more tricuspid regurgitation be treated? a propensity score analysis. , 2009, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[878]  N. Smedira,et al.  Does coronary angiography before emergency aortic surgery affect in-hospital mortality? , 2000, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[879]  Dudley J Pennell,et al.  Reference right ventricular systolic and diastolic function normalized to age, gender and body surface area from steady-state free precession cardiovascular magnetic resonance. , 2006, European heart journal.

[880]  L. Pierard,et al.  Long-term outcome of patients with heart failure and dynamic functional mitral regurgitation. , 2005, European heart journal.

[881]  H. Schieffer,et al.  Cineradiography for determination of normal and abnormal function in mechanical heart valves. , 1993, The American journal of cardiology.

[882]  P. Ridker.  High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk: from concept to clinical practice to clinical benefit. , 2004, American heart journal.

[883]  J. Chambers,et al.  Outcome of Patients With Low-Gradient “Severe” Aortic Stenosis and Preserved Ejection Fraction , 2011, Circulation.

[884]  G. Diamond,et al.  Analysis of probability as an aid in the clinical diagnosis of coronary-artery disease. , 1979, The New England journal of medicine.

[885]  P. Pibarot,et al.  Prosthesis-patient mismatch: definition, clinical impact, and prevention , 2005, Heart.

[886]  E. L. Walker,et al.  Open mitral commissurotomy. A modern re-evaluation. , 1980, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[887]  D. Kaiser,et al.  Comparison of outcome of asymptomatic to symptomatic patients older than 20 years of age with valvular aortic stenosis. , 1988, The American journal of cardiology.

[888]  A J Tajik,et al.  Prediction of the severity of aortic stenosis by Doppler aortic valve area determination: prospective Doppler-catheterization correlation in 100 patients. , 1988, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[889]  K. Swedberg,et al.  Neuroendocrine activation in relation to left ventricular function in chronic severe congestive heart failure: A subgroup analysis from the cooperative north scandinavian enalapril survival study (CONSENSUS) , 1994, Clinical cardiology.

[890]  L. Weltert,et al.  Mitral valve repair for degenerative mitral regurgitation , 2007, Journal of cardiovascular medicine.

[891]  P. Peduzzi,et al.  Survival in Subgroups of Patients with Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of Surgery for Coronary Arterial Occlusive Disease , 1982, Circulation.

[892]  R. Miller,et al.  Echography and phonography of acute aortic regurgitation in bacterial endocarditis. , 1975, Annals of internal medicine.

[893]  S. Grajek,et al.  Impact of atrial remodeling on heart rhythm after radiofrequency ablation and mitral valve operations. , 2012, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[894]  D. Galusca,et al.  Anesthetic considerations for patients with advanced valvular heart disease undergoing noncardiac surgery. , 2010, Anesthesiology clinics.

[895]  B. Prendergast,et al.  ESC Working Group on Valvular Heart Disease position paper--heart valve clinics: organization, structure, and experiences. , 2013, European heart journal.

[896]  Attila Nemes,et al.  Value of assessment of tricuspid annulus: real-time three-dimensional echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging , 2007, The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging.

[897]  O. Ozdogan,et al.  Evaluation of the Severity of Mitral Regurgitation by the Use of Signal Void in Magnetic Resonance Imaging , 2009, Echocardiography.

[898]  Y. Li,et al.  Efficacy of catheter ablation and surgical CryoMaze procedure in patients with long-lasting persistent atrial fibrillation and rheumatic heart disease: a randomized trial. , 2010, European heart journal.

[899]  Andre Lamy,et al.  Antithrombotic management of patients with prosthetic heart valves: current evidence and future trends , 2009, The Lancet.

[900]  R. North,et al.  Enoxaparin treatment in women with mechanical heart valves during pregnancy. , 2001, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[901]  S. Hernández-Díaz,et al.  Major congenital malformations after first-trimester exposure to ACE inhibitors. , 2006, The New England journal of medicine.

[902]  B. Carabello,et al.  Valvular heart disease. , 1997, The New England journal of medicine.

[903]  K. Teo,et al.  Effect of Lipid Lowering With Rosuvastatin on Progression of Aortic Stenosis: Results of the Aortic Stenosis Progression Observation: Measuring Effects of Rosuvastatin (ASTRONOMER) Trial , 2010, Circulation.

[904]  K. Kuwaki,et al.  Tricuspid valve surgery for functional tricuspid valve regurgitation associated with left-sided valvular disease. , 2001, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[905]  M. Sermer,et al.  Balloon valvuloplasty for congenital aortic stenosis in pregnancy , 1993, British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[906]  J. Ambrose,et al.  Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty in comparison with open mitral valve commissurotomy for mitral stenosis during pregnancy. , 2001, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[907]  E. Donal,et al.  Prediction of left ventricular ejection fraction 6 months after surgical correction of organic mitral regurgitation: the value of exercise echocardiography and deformation imaging. , 2012, European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging.

[908]  I. Palacios,et al.  Which Patients Benefit From Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Valvuloplasty? Prevalvuloplasty and Postvalvuloplasty Variables That Predict Long-Term Outcome , 2002 .

[909]  R. B. Brink.  Evaluation of prosthetic heart valves by transesophageal echocardiography: problems, pitfalls, and timing of echocardiography. , 2006 .

[910]  Barry J Maron,et al.  2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Developed in collaboration with the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Soci , 2011, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[911]  Stephen R. Hazelrigg,et al.  Long-Term Survival of Patients Undergoing Mitral Valve Repair and Replacement: A Longitudinal Analysis of Medicare Fee-for-Service Beneficiaries , 2013, Circulation.

[912]  N. Samani,et al.  Left atrial radiofrequency ablation during mitral valve surgery for continuous atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial. , 2005, JAMA.

[913]  V. Fuster,et al.  27th Bethesda Conference: matching the intensity of risk factor management with the hazard for coronary disease events. Task Force 1. Pathogenesis of coronary disease: the biologic role of risk factors. , 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[914]  B. Lüderitz,et al.  Incidence of left atrial thrombi in patients in sinus rhythm and with a recent neurologic deficit. , 2000, American heart journal.

[915]  R. Bergemann,et al.  Intensity of oral anticoagulation after implantation of St. Jude Medical mitral or multiple valve replacement: lessons learned from GELIA (GELIA 5) , 2001 .

[916]  B. Lytle,et al.  Relationship of aortic cross-sectional area to height ratio and the risk of aortic dissection in patients with bicuspid aortic valves. , 2003, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[917]  J. Dunning,et al.  Aortic valve surgery: marked increases in volume and significant decreases in mechanical valve use--an analysis of 41,227 patients over 5 years from the Society for Cardiothoracic Surgery in Great Britain and Ireland National database. , 2011, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[918]  B. Strauer,et al.  The effect of chordal preservation on late outcome after mitral valve replacement: a randomized study. , 1993, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[919]  R. Bonow,et al.  Survival and functional results after valve replacement for aortic regurgitation from 1976 to 1983: impact of preoperative left ventricular function. , 1985, Circulation.

[920]  B. Lytle,et al.  Mitral valve repair with aortic valve replacement is superior to double valve replacement. , 2003, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[921]  R. Bonow,et al.  Hemodynamic progression and outcome of asymptomatic aortic stenosis in primary care. , 2012, The American journal of cardiology.

[922]  J. Shaver,et al.  A critical appraisal of diastolic time intervals as a measure of relaxation in left ventricular hypertrophy. , 1983, Circulation.

[923]  M. Starling.  Effects of valve surgery on left ventricular contractile function in patients with long-term mitral regurgitation. , 1995, Circulation.

[924]  H. Schultheiss,et al.  Intracardiac thrombosis: patient-related and device-related factors. , 1995, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[925]  Christopher Cabell,et al.  Update on infective endocarditis. , 2006, Current problems in cardiology.

[926]  J. Woods,et al.  Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty for severe mitral stenosis during pregnancy: a review of therapeutic options. , 1993, Obstetrical & gynecological survey.

[927]  Jean-Christophe Cornily,et al.  Accuracy of multislice computed tomography in the preoperative assessment of coronary disease in patients with aortic valve stenosis. , 2006, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[928]  A. Weyman,et al.  Doppler echocardiographic assessment of long-term progression of mitral stenosis in 103 patients: valve area and right heart disease. , 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[929]  A. Evangelista,et al.  Clinical outcome of severe asymptomatic chronic aortic regurgitation: a long-term prospective follow-up study. , 1995, American heart journal.

[930]  B. Iung,et al.  The effect of left ventricular systolic function on long term survival in mitral and aortic regurgitation. , 1995, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[931]  Andrew Wang,et al.  Early surgery in patients with infective endocarditis: a propensity score analysis. , 2007, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[932]  F. Dagenais,et al.  Long-Term Clinical and Echocardiographic Follow-Up of the Freestyle Stentless Aortic Bioprosthesis , 2012, Circulation.

[933]  S. Rahimtoola,et al.  Beneficial Effects of Hydralazine on Rest and Exercise Hemodynamics in Patients with Chronic Severe Aortic Insufficiency , 1980, Circulation.

[934]  Jeroen J. Bax,et al.  Tricuspid annuloplasty prevents right ventricular dilatation and progression of tricuspid regurgitation in patients with tricuspid annular dilatation undergoing mitral valve repair. , 2011, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[935]  T. Mihaljevic,et al.  Bicuspid aortic valve surgery with proactive ascending aorta repair. , 2011, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[936]  John A Fox,et al.  Impact of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography on surgical decisions in 12,566 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. , 2008, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[937]  L. Braitman,et al.  Severe mitral annular calcification predicts chronic kidney disease. , 2008, International journal of cardiology.

[938]  Otto Kamp,et al.  EAE/ASE recommendations for image acquisition and display using three-dimensional echocardiography. , 2012, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[939]  J. Chikwe,et al.  Surgical strategies for functional tricuspid regurgitation. , 2010, Seminars in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[940]  R GORLIN,et al.  Hydraulic formula for calculation of the area of the stenotic mitral valve, other cardiac valves, and central circulatory shunts. I. , 1951, American heart journal.

[941]  T. Chalmers,et al.  Effect of coronary artery bypass graft surgery on survival: overview of 10-year results from randomised trials by the Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Trialists Collaboration , 1994, The Lancet.

[942]  T. Sundt,et al.  Surgery for Aneurysms of the Aortic Root: A 30-Year Experience , 2004, Circulation.

[943]  P. Pibarot,et al.  Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of prosthetic valve function , 2011, Heart.

[944]  J. Dubois-Randé,et al.  Aortic stenosis with severe left ventricular dysfunction and low transvalvular pressure gradients: risk stratification by low-dose dobutamine echocardiography. , 2001, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[945]  S. Cha,et al.  Cardiac risk in patients aged >75 years with asymptomatic, severe aortic stenosis undergoing noncardiac surgery. , 2010, The American journal of cardiology.

[946]  M. Vanier,et al.  Is long-term pharmacist-managed anticoagulation service efficient? A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. , 2008, American heart journal.

[947]  S. Westaby,et al.  Cardiopulmonary bypass during pregnancy. , 1996, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[948]  C. Gamallo,et al.  Relevance of clinical presentation and period of diagnosis in prosthetic valve endocarditis. , 2010, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[949]  Jeffrey R. Wilson,et al.  CLASP: a randomised trial of low-dose aspirin for the prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia among 9364 pregnant women , 1994, The Lancet.

[950]  Joan Buenconsejo,et al.  Complicated left-sided native valve endocarditis in adults: risk classification for mortality. , 2003, JAMA.

[951]  Jong-Min Song,et al.  Association between bicuspid aortic valve phenotype and patterns of valvular dysfunction and bicuspid aortopathy: comprehensive evaluation using MDCT and echocardiography. , 2013, JACC. Cardiovascular imaging.

[952]  T. N. James,et al.  Cardiac abnormalities demonstrated postmortem in four cases of accidental electrocution and their potential significance relative to nonfatal electrical injuries of the heart. , 1990, American heart journal.

[953]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Medical and surgical outcome of tricuspid regurgitation caused by flail leaflets. , 2004, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[954]  H. Brunner-La Rocca,et al.  Echocardiography in the evaluation of systolic murmurs of unknown cause. , 2000, The American journal of medicine.

[955]  Sean M. O'Brien,et al.  The Society of Thoracic Surgeons 2008 cardiac surgery risk models: part 2--isolated valve surgery. , 2009, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[956]  M. Schemper,et al.  Outcome of Watchful Waiting in Asymptomatic Severe Mitral Regurgitation , 2006, Circulation.

[957]  B. Massie,et al.  Chronic aortic insufficiency: factors associated with progression to aortic valve replacement. , 1989, Annals of internal medicine.

[958]  C. Tribouilloy,et al.  Influence of Preoperative Left Ventricular Contractile Reserve on Postoperative Ejection Fraction in Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis , 2006, Circulation.

[959]  T. W. Mattingly,et al.  Systemic arterial embolism in rheumatic heart disease. , 1951, American heart journal.

[960]  Michael V. Green,et al.  The natural history of asymptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular function. , 1983, Circulation.

[961]  Magdi H Yacoub,et al.  Long-term outcomes after autograft versus homograft aortic root replacement in adults with aortic valve disease: a randomised controlled trial , 2010, The Lancet.

[962]  David Keane,et al.  2012 HRS/EHRA/ECAS Expert Consensus Statement on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: recommendations for patient selection, procedural techniques, patient management and follow-up, definitions, endpoints, and research trial design. , 2012, Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

[963]  H. Schaff,et al.  Outcome of mitral valve repair in patients with preoperative atrial fibrillation. Should the maze procedure be combined with mitral valvuloplasty? , 1994, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[964]  R. Prescott,et al.  A randomized trial of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in calcific aortic stenosis. , 2005, The New England journal of medicine.

[965]  L. D. Saunders,et al.  Long-term survival in 11,661 patients with multivessel coronary artery disease in the era of stenting: a report from the Alberta Provincial Project for Outcome Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease (APPROACH) Investigators. , 2001, American heart journal.