Language- and Machine-Independent Global Optimization on Intermediate Code

Abstract Many retargetable production compilers use some form on intermediate code for applying global optimizations. The compilers of the Amsterdam Compiler Kit use a low-level, language- and machine-independent, intermediate code called EM. The choice of intermediate code has impact on both the effectiveness of a global optimizer and on the ease of achieving a machine-independent implementation. These effects have been studied by implementing several global optimization techniques for EM. Comparisons are made with optimizing codes of a higher-level (e.g. trees) or of a lower level (e.g. assembly code). It is also shown what kind of knowledge about the source language and target machine a global optimizer should have, to be effective.

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