Meteorological satellite accomplishments

The year 1975 marks the fifteenth anniversary of the U.S. meteorological satellite program, which began on April 1, 1960, when the Tiros 1 experimental satellite was launched. Television pictures taken by the spinning Tiros 1, in a near-earth, non–sun-synchronous orbit, were often oblique and poorly illuminated. Nevertheless, they showed the organization of weather systems with a clarity never before seen and revealed phenomena that previously were unknown. Within a few days of the launch of Tiros 1 the new data were being used operationally to improve weather services [National Environment Satellite Service (NESS), 1971]. At the same time extensive research was carried out to increase our knowledge of the atmosphere and to develop techniques to utilize the new type of data.

[1]  V. Salomonson,et al.  Upper tropospheric dynamics as reflected in Nimbus 4 THIR 6.7‐μm data , 1976 .

[2]  Alan L. Cassel,et al.  Microwave atmospheric temperature sounding - Effects of clouds on the Nimbus 5 satellite data , 1975 .

[3]  Samson Brand,et al.  Tropical Cyclone Movement Forecasts Based on Observations from Satellites , 1975 .

[4]  Tetsuya Theodore. Fujita,et al.  Satellite-tracked cumulus velocities , 1975 .

[5]  M. Chow.  A study of the effects of vertical resolution and measurement errors on an iteratively inverted temperature profile. [satellite observation of atmosphere , 1975 .

[6]  Robert J. Curran,et al.  The detection of dust storms over land and water with satellite visible and infrared measurements , 1974 .

[7]  C. Prabhakara,et al.  Estimation of sea surface temperature from remote sensing in the 11to 13-micron window region , 1974 .

[8]  C. Prabhakara,et al.  Estimation of sea surface temperature from remote sensing in the 11‐ to 13‐μm window region , 1974 .

[9]  J. Otterman,et al.  Baring High-Albedo Soils by Overgrazing: A Hypothesized Desertification Mechanism , 1974, Science.

[10]  H. Fleming,et al.  Empirical radiance corrections: A technique to improve satellite soundings of atmospheric temperature , 1974 .

[11]  K. Hanson,et al.  The Detection by ERTS-1 of Wind-Induced Ocean Surface Features in the Lee of the Antilles Islands , 1974 .

[12]  Thomas T. Wilheit,et al.  tropical cyclone rainfall as measured by the Nimbus 5 electrically scanning microwave radiometer , 1974 .

[13]  A. Rango,et al.  New dimensions in satellite hydrology , 1974 .

[14]  C. Hutchinson,et al.  Satellite Photograph Presents First Comprehensive View of Local Wind: The Santa Ana , 1974, Science.

[15]  J. Purdom,et al.  The Effect of Early-Morning Cloudiness on Squall-Line Activity , 1974 .

[16]  H. Stumpf,et al.  Extensive areas of reduced waves leeward of the Lesser Antilles , 1974 .

[17]  V. Suomi,et al.  Correlation Between Cloud Thickness and Brightness Using Nimbus 4 THIR Data (11.5- , 1974 .

[18]  S. Fritz.  On the Causes of the Annual and Semi-Annual Variations of Radiance (or Temperature) from the Tropical Stratosphere , 1974 .

[19]  L. Stowe.  Effects of Particulate Matter on the Radiance of Terrestrial Infrared Radiation: RESULTS , 1974 .

[20]  J. Angell.  Mean meridional winds estimated from constant level balloon flights in Southern Hemisphere temperate latitudes , 1974 .

[21]  E. H. Rogers,et al.  Auroral Photography from a Satellite , 1974, Science.

[22]  John Theodore Houghton,et al.  Remote sounding of atmospheric temperature from satellites V. The pressure modulator radiometer for Nimbus F , 1974, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[23]  J. S. Winston,et al.  A Comparison of the Flow Over the Tropics During Two Contrasting Circulation Regimes , 1974 .

[24]  L. H. Horn,et al.  An Application of the Satellite Indirect Sounding Technique in Describing the Hyperbaroclinic Zone of a Jet Streak , 1974 .

[25]  Ralph K. Anderson,et al.  Application of Meteorological Satellite Data in Analysis and Forecasting , 1974 .

[26]  V. V. Salomonson,et al.  ERTS-1 applications in hydrology and water resources , 1974 .

[27]  H. B. Howell,et al.  Nimbus-5 ITPR Experiment. , 1974, Applied optics.

[28]  G. Kukla,et al.  Increased Surface Albedo in the Northern Hemisphere , 1974, Science.

[29]  N E Gaut,et al.  Microwave Spectrometer on the Nimbus 5 Satellite: Meteorological and Geophysical Data , 1973, Science.

[30]  C. Prabhakara,et al.  Remote sensing of the global distribution of total ozone and the inferred upper-tropospheric circulation from Nimbus IRIS experiments , 1973 .

[31]  Arlin J. Krueger,et al.  The Nimbus-4 Backscatter Ultraviolet (BUV) atmospheric ozone experiment — tow years' operation , 1973 .

[32]  A. Krueger,et al.  Variations in the stratospheric ozone field inferred from Nimbus satellite observations , 1973 .

[33]  A. Strong,et al.  Ocean Current Monitoring Employing a New Satellite Sensing Technique , 1973, Science.

[34]  W. Campbell,et al.  Polar sea ice observations by means of microwave radiometry , 1973 .

[35]  W. Shenk,et al.  A multispectral study of an extratropical cyclone with Nimbus 3 medium resolution infrared radiometer data , 1973 .

[36]  W. Lyons,et al.  Detection of particulate air pollution plumes from major point sources using ERTS-1 imagery , 1973 .

[37]  Robert J. Curran,et al.  A multi-spectral method for estimating cirrus cloud top heights , 1973 .

[38]  P. Richardson,et al.  Gulf Stream Eddies: Recent Observations in the Western Sargasso Sea , 1973 .

[39]  Milton Halem,et al.  Accuracy and Coverage of Temperature Data Derived from the IR Radiometer on the NOAA 2 Satellite , 1973 .

[40]  T. Haar,et al.  Very short range local area weather forecasting using measurements from geosynchronous meteorological satellites , 1973 .

[41]  T. H. Haar,et al.  New Estimate of Annual Poleward Energy Transport by Northern Hemisphere Oceans , 1973 .

[42]  W. P. Birkemeier,et al.  Remote sensing of the ocean , 1973 .

[43]  Thomas H. Vonder Haar,et al.  The annual radiation balance of the earth-atmosphere system during 1969-70 from Nimbus 3 measurements. , 1973 .

[44]  E. Raschke,et al.  The radiation balance of the earth-atmosphere system from Nimbus 3 radiation measurements , 1973 .

[45]  V. Salomonson,et al.  The estimation of extratropical cyclone parameters from satellite radiation measurements. , 1973 .

[46]  P. Morel,et al.  The Eole Experiment: Early Results and Current Objectives , 1973 .

[47]  V. Salomonson,et al.  Application of Nimbus 4 THIR 6.7-micron observations to regional and global moisture and wind field analyses. , 1973 .

[48]  E. Barrett.  Forecasting Daily Rainfall From Satellite Data , 1973 .

[49]  R. Koffler,et al.  A Procedure for Estimating Cloud Amount and Height From Satellite Infrared Radiation Data , 1973 .

[50]  J. Weinman,et al.  Cloud photographs from satellites as a hydrological tool in remote equatorial regions , 1973 .

[51]  A. Gruber,et al.  Estimating Rainfall in Regions of Active Convection , 1973 .

[52]  J. Greaves.  Development of a global cloud model for simulating earth-viewing space missions. , 1973 .

[53]  J. Purdom.  PICTURE OF THE MONTH: Meso-Highs and Satellite Imagery , 1973 .

[54]  R. A. McClatchey,et al.  AFCRL atmospheric absorption line parameters compilation , 1973 .

[55]  W. Smith,et al.  satellite techniques for observing the temperature structure of the atmosphere , 1972 .

[56]  D. N. Sikdar.  ATS‐3 observed cloud brightness field related to a meso‐to‐subsynoptic scale rainfall pattern , 1972 .

[57]  Barney J. Conrath,et al.  Vertical Resolution of Temperature Profiles Obtained from Remote Radiation Measurements. , 1972 .

[58]  R. L. Mancuso,et al.  A Proposed Method for Determining Winds in Cloud-Free Regions by Isentropic Analysis of Temperature and Water Vapor Profiles , 1972 .

[59]  C. Rodgers.  Statistical retrieval techniques for sounding the meteorological structure of the atmosphere , 1972 .

[60]  C. Mateer.  A review of some aspects of inferring the ozone profile by inversion of ultraviolet radiance measurements , 1972 .

[61]  B. Conrath,et al.  A review of nonstatistical techniques for the estimation of vertical atmospheric structure from remote infrared measurements , 1972 .

[62]  R. Curran,et al.  Ocean color determination through a scattering atmosphere. , 1972, Applied optics.

[63]  S. Fritz,et al.  Planetary Variations of Stratospheric Temperatures , 1972 .

[64]  A. E. Brain,et al.  Objective Methods for Registering Landmarks and Determining Cloud Motions from Satellite Data , 1972, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[65]  Sidney M. Serebreny,et al.  A sample computation of kinematic properties from cloud motion vectors. , 1972 .

[66]  E. Hilsenrath,et al.  Meteorological applications of the Nimbus 4 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer, 6.7 micron channel data , 1972 .

[67]  K. Grossman,et al.  Tests of a procedure for inserting satellite radiance measurements into a numerical circulation model. , 1972 .

[68]  V. Salomonson,et al.  A multispectral technique to determine sea surface temperature using Nimbus 2 data. , 1972 .

[69]  G. Ing.  A DUSTSTORM OVER CENTRAL CHINA, APRIL 1969 , 1972 .

[70]  T. Fujita.  Tornado occurrences related to overshooting cloud-top heights as determined from ATS pictures , 1972 .

[71]  E. Raschke,et al.  Measurements of the energy exchange between earth and space from satellites during the 1960's , 1972 .

[72]  V. Suomi,et al.  Time-spectral characteristics of large-scale cloud systems in the tropical Pacific. , 1972 .

[73]  J. S. Winston,et al.  Tropical Storm, Mid-Latitude Cloud-Band Connections and the Autumnal Buildup of the Planetary Circulation , 1972 .

[74]  Vincent V. Salomonson,et al.  A Simulation Study Exploring the Effects of Sensor Spatial Resolution on Estimates of Cloud Cover from Satellites , 1972 .

[75]  V. Suomi,et al.  On the remote sensing of mesoscale tropical convection intensity from a geostationary satellite. , 1972 .

[76]  V. Salomonson,et al.  Nimbus hydrological observations over the watersheds of the Niger and Indus rivers , 1972 .

[77]  K. Ninomiya.  Mesoscale Modification of Synoptic Situations from Thunderstorm Development as Revealed by ATS III and Aerological Data , 1971 .

[78]  A. Strong,et al.  DETECTION OF THAWING SNOW AND ICE PACKS THROUGH THE COMBINED USE OF VISIBLE AND NEAR-INFRARED MEASUREMENTS FROM EARTH SATELLITES , 1971 .

[79]  John C. Gille,et al.  On the inversion of limb radiance measurements. I. , 1971 .

[80]  F. R. E. D. M. VUKOVlCH.  DETAILED SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANALYSIS UTILIZING NIMBUS HRIR DATA , 1971 .

[81]  R. Sabatini,et al.  Nimbus earth resources observations , 1971 .

[82]  Arlin J. Krueger,et al.  Estimation of total ozone from satellite measurements of backscattered ultraviolet earth radiance. , 1971 .

[83]  W. Shenk.  Cloud comparisons between Apollo 6 photography and ATS 3 and ESSA 3 photography , 1971 .

[84]  E. Holroyd.  Lake-Effect Cloud Bands as Seen From Weather Satellites , 1971 .

[85]  L. F. Hubert,et al.  WIND ESTIMATION FROM GEOSTATIONARY-SATELLITE PICTURES , 1971 .

[86]  Donald R. Johnson,et al.  AN INVESTIGATION OF CLOUD DISTRIBUTION FROM SATELLITE INFRARED RADIATION DATA , 1971 .

[87]  Nadav Levanon,et al.  Determination of the sea surface slope distribution and wind velocity using sun glitter viewed from a synchronous satellite , 1971 .

[88]  L. F. Hubert,et al.  Meteorological Satellite Program , 1971 .

[89]  J. Hansen,et al.  Air-sea interaction in the tropical Pacific Ocean , 1971 .

[90]  T. H. Haar,et al.  Measurements of the Earth's Radiation Budget from Satellites During a Five-Year Period. Part I: Extended Time and Space Means , 1971 .

[91]  K. Ninomiya.  Dynamical Analysis of Outflow from Tornado-Producing Thunderstorms as Revealed by ATS III Pictures , 1971 .

[92]  W. Shenk,et al.  An Example of Detailed Cloud Contouring From Apollo 6 Photography , 1971 .

[93]  E. W. Ferguson.  PICTURE OF THE MONTH: Satellite View of a Lake-Effect Snowstorm , 1971 .

[94]  J. Leese,et al.  An Automated Technique for Obtaining Cloud Motion from Geosynchronous Satellite Data Using Cross Correlation , 1971 .

[95]  D. Yarger.  An Evaluation of Some Methods of Estimating the Vertical Atmospheric Ozone Distribution from the Inversion of Spectral Ultraviolet Radiation. , 1970 .

[96]  V. Suomi,et al.  Convective transport of mass and energy in severe storms over the United States—an estimate from a geostationary altitude , 1970 .

[97]  E. Williamson.  The Selective Chopper Radiometer (SCR) experiment , 1970 .

[98]  W. Shenk,et al.  stereographic cloud analysis from Apollo 6 photographs over a cold front , 1975 .

[99]  R. C. Savage,et al.  Electro-Optical Processing of DAPP Meteorological Satellite Data , 1974 .

[100]  William L. Smith,et al.  NIMBUS-5 sounder data processing system, part I : measurement characteristics and data reduction procedures , 1974 .

[101]  W. Kellogg.  The earth's climate as seen from space , 1974 .

[102]  T. Fujita.  Overshooting thunderheads observed from ATS and Learjet , 1974 .

[103]  Moustafa T. Chahine,et al.  Remote Sounding of Cloudy Atmospheres. I. The Single Cloud Layer , 1974 .

[104]  Ekondayo E. Balogen.  "A Study of Satellite-observed Cloud Patterns of Tropical Cyclones," by Balogen, Ekondayo E.; SMRP Research Paper Number 109; circa 1973. , 1973 .

[105]  J. S. Kennedy,et al.  Data Acquisition and Processing Program: A Meteorological Data Source , 1973 .

[106]  K. Hanson.  Oceanographic features in the lee of the Windward and Leeward Islands: ERTS and ship data , 1973 .

[107]  Walton A. Follansbee,et al.  Estimation of average daily rainfall from satellite cloud photographs , 1973 .

[108]  T. Fujita,et al.  "METRACOM System of Cloud Velocity Determination from Geostationary Satellite Pictures," by Chang, Yun Mei; Tecson, Jaime J.; and Fujita, T. Theodore; SMRP Research Paper Number 110, 1973. , 1973 .

[109]  O. Strand.  Expected accuracy of tropopause height and temperature as derived from satellite radiation measurements , 1973 .

[110]  A. Gruber.  Review of satellite measurements of albedo and outgoing long-wave radiation , 1973 .

[111]  G. Maul.  Remote sensing of ocean currents using ERTS imagery , 1973 .

[112]  T. H. Haar,et al.  Measurements of solar energy reflected by the earth and atmosphere from meteorological satellites. , 1973 .

[113]  V. F. Dvorak.  A technique for the analysis and forecasting of tropical cyclone intensities from satellite pictures , 1973 .

[114]  N. A. Streten,et al.  A synoptic climatology of satellite observed cloud vortices over the Southern Hemisphere , 1973 .

[115]  Oscar K. Huh,et al.  Coastal oceanographic use of the U.S. Air Force Data Acquisition and Processing Program (DAPP) / by Oscar Karl Huh. , 1973 .

[116]  S. D. Smith,et al.  The first year of the selective chopper radiometer on Nimbus 4 , 1972 .

[117]  E. Raschke,et al.  The radiation budget of the earth-atmosphere system as measured from the Nimbus 3 satellite /1969-1970/. , 1972 .

[118]  Vonder Haar.  Natural variation of the radiation budget of the earth-atmosphere system as measured from satellites. , 1972 .

[119]  W. Shenk,et al.  A multispectral cloud type identification method using Nimbus 3 MRIR measurements. , 1972 .

[120]  T. Fujita.  "Use of ATS Pictures in Hurricane Modification," by Fujita, T. Theodore; SMRP Research Paper Number 106, 1972. , 1972 .

[121]  Frances C. Parmenter-Holt.  Use of satellite data in East Coast snowstorm forecasting , 1972 .

[122]  William L. Smith,et al.  Global Sea-Surface Temperature Distribution Determined From an Environmental Satellite , 1972 .

[123]  L. McMillin,et al.  Remote Sensing of Ocean Currents and Sea Surface Temperature Changes Derived from the Nimbus II Satellite , 1971 .

[124]  D. Bradbury.  "The Fillings Overland of Hurricane Camille, August 17-18, 1969," by Bradbury, Dorothy L.; SMRP Research Paper Number 96, 1971. , 1971 .

[125]  D. Hansen,et al.  An observation of the gulf stream surface front structure by ship, aircraft, and satellite , 1971 .