Lowering elderly Japanese users’ resistance towards computers by using touchscreen technology

The standard qwerty keyboard is considered to be a major source of reluctance towards computer technology use by Japanese elderly, due to their limited experience with typewriters and the high cognitive demand involved in inputting Japanese characters. The touchscreen enables users to enter Japanese characters more directly and is expected to moderate this resistance. An e-mail terminal with a touchscreen was developed and compared with the same terminal using a standard keyboard and mouse. Computer attitudes and subjective evaluations of 32 older adults were measured. The results showed that the anxiety factor of computer attitudes declined significantly in the touchscreen condition.

[1]  D. B. Mitchell,et al.  The handbook of aging and cognition , 2001 .

[2]  R. Woods,et al.  Automated cognitive assessment of elderly patients: a comparison of two types of response device. , 1986, The British journal of clinical psychology.

[3]  G. Jay,et al.  Influence of direct computer experience on older adults' attitudes toward computers. , 1992, Journal of gerontology.

[4]  Darrel G. Hopper,et al.  Cockpit Displays VIII: Displays for Defense Applications , 2001 .

[5]  R. B. Stammers,et al.  Controller Evaluation of a Touch Input Air Traffic Data System: An II "Indelicate" Experiment , 1980 .

[6]  Ichiko Morita Japanese Character Input: Its State and Problems , 1981 .

[7]  Geoff Cumming QWERTY and Keyboard Reform: The Soft Keyboard Option , 1984, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[8]  Helmut Krueger,et al.  Performance effects of reduced proprioceptive feedback on touch typists and casual users in a typing task , 1994, Behav. Inf. Technol..

[9]  S. Czaja,et al.  Age differences in attitudes toward computers. , 1998, The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences.

[10]  森美裕,et al.  透明ガラスタッチスイッチ | 文献情報 | J-GLOBAL 科学技術総合リンクセンター , 1984 .

[11]  Errol R Hoffmann,et al.  Data-entry keyboard geometry and keying movement times. , 1995, Ergonomics.

[12]  Ben Shneiderman,et al.  Selection devices for user of an electronic encyclopedia: An empirical comparison of four possibilities , 1988, Inf. Process. Manag..

[13]  Clarice P. Gressard,et al.  Reliability and Factorial Validity of Computer Attitude Scales , 1984 .

[14]  A Whitefield Human factors aspects of pointing as an input technique in interactive computer systems. , 1986, Applied ergonomics.

[15]  I. Scott MacKenzie,et al.  Text entry using soft keyboards , 1999, Behav. Inf. Technol..

[16]  Clarice P. Gressard,et al.  The Effects of Sex, Age, and Computer Experience on Computer Attitudes. , 1984 .

[17]  Gale L. Martin Configuring a numeric keypad for a touch screen , 1988 .

[18]  Nigel Collier,et al.  A comparison of query translation methods for English-Japanese cross-language information retrieval (poster abstract) , 1999, SIGIR '99.

[19]  K. Kuroki,et al.  Development of display facsimile equipment , 1993 .

[20]  Andrew Sears,et al.  Improving Touchscreen Keyboards: Design Issues and a Comparison with Other Devices , 1991, Interact. Comput..

[21]  Hiroyuki Matsui,et al.  Effectiveness of Metaphor in Mailing Procedure on Electronic Mail System , 1990, Systems and Computers in Japan.

[22]  J. Danowski,et al.  Computer communication and the elderly. , 1980, Experimental aging research.

[23]  Jakob Nielsen,et al.  Usability engineering , 1997, The Computer Science and Engineering Handbook.

[24]  W. Bruce Croft,et al.  A comparison of indexing techniques for Japanese text retrieval , 1993, SIGIR.

[25]  Steven J. Hoener,et al.  Touchscreen displays for military cockpits , 1999, Defense, Security, and Sensing.

[26]  Mary Ann Valk Comparing Touchscreen to Speech Input in the Control of a Simple Batch Process , 1990 .

[27]  James E Agenbroad Character sets: current status and East Asian prospects , 1980 .

[28]  Jakob Nielsen,et al.  Chapter 4 – The Usability Engineering Lifecycle , 1993 .

[29]  Masajiro Iwasaki,et al.  A New Character-based Indexing Organization using Frequency Data for Japanese Documents. , 1995, SIGIR 1995.

[30]  Hiroyuki Umemuro,et al.  Elderly Japanese computer users: assessing changes in usage, attitude, and skill transfer over a one-year period , 2003, Universal Access in the Information Society.

[31]  Yasushi Ogawa,et al.  A new character-based indexing method using frequency data for Japanese documents , 1995, SIGIR '95.

[32]  Chi-Hui Lin,et al.  User Preference and Performance with Three Different Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, or Touchscreen. , 1993 .

[33]  A. Miyazawa Character code for Japanese text processing , 1990 .

[34]  Hiroyuki Umemuro Japanese elderly and computers in the workplace , 2002 .

[35]  Blair Nonnecke,et al.  A comparison of four methods of nu-meric entry on pen-based computers , 1994 .

[36]  H. Umemuro Computer attitudes, cognitive abilities, and technology usage among older Japanese adults , 2004 .

[37]  Sara J. Czaja,et al.  Computer communication as an aid to independence for older adults , 1993, Behav. Inf. Technol..

[38]  John Karat,et al.  A Comparison of Menu Selection Techniques: Touch Panel, Mouse and Keyboard , 1986, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[39]  Ogawa Yasushi,et al.  A new character-based indexing method using frequency data for Japanese documents , 1995, SIGIR 1995.

[40]  Cynthia Tobias Computers and the Elderly: A Review of the Literature and Directions for Future Research , 1987 .

[41]  P R Yarnold,et al.  Assessing Functional Status of Elderly Adults via Microcomputer , 1996, Perceptual and motor skills.

[42]  John D. Gould,et al.  Using a Touchscreen for Simple Tasks , 1990, Interact. Comput..

[43]  H Emslie,et al.  Text entry on handheld computers by older users , 2000, Ergonomics.

[44]  Sara J. Czaja Using technologies to aid the performance of home tasks. , 1997 .

[45]  Ben Shneiderman,et al.  High Precision Touchscreens: Design Strategies and Comparisons with a Mouse , 1991, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[46]  D. M. Usher Comparison of a touch-sensitive VDU and computer-aided keypad for plant control , 1983 .

[47]  Arthur D. Fisk,et al.  A Survey of Automatic Teller Machine Usage across the Adult Life Span , 1996, Hum. Factors.

[48]  Catherine Plaisant,et al.  Touchscreen Interfaces for Alphanumeric Data Entry , 1992 .

[49]  Ben Shneiderman,et al.  Investigating touchscreen typing: the effect of keyboard size on typing speed , 1993, Behav. Inf. Technol..