Integrated Assessment of Climate Change Impacts: Conceptual Frameworks, Modelling Approaches and Research Needs

This paper presents a framework to include feedbacks from climate impacts on the economy in integrated assessment models. The proposed framework uses a production function approach, which links climate impacts to key variables and parameters used in the specification of economic activity. The key endpoints within climate impact categories are linked to the relevant connections for a range of sectors in the economy. The paper pays particular attention to the challenges of distinguishing between damages and the costs of adapting to climate change. The paper also reviews existing studies and available data that can be used to establish linkages between climate impacts and key variables within economic models. There is considerable heterogeneity across the timing and geographic distribution of changes in climatic variables, the consequent changes in key physical and biogeochemical “endpoints” that might occur over time and space, and the magnitude of the resulting damages that these effects are likely to impose on the range of sectors in the economy. The review underlines the uncertainty involved in each of these dimensions and the research needs for the future. Le present document expose une methodologie visant a inclure, de facon systematique, les effets economiques consecutifs aux impacts du changement climatique dans les modeles d'evaluation integree. La methode proposee se fonde sur le concept de la fonction de production, en reliant les differents impacts environnementaux associe au changement climatiques a leurs effets sur les variables et les parametres cles des modeles utilisees pour decrire les mecanismes et interactions economiques. Il s’agit d’associer les principaux impacts environnementaux aux differentes activites economiques qu’ils sont appeles a impacter. Le document accorde une attention particuliere a la difficulte de distinguer les couts de l'adaptation au changement climatique des degâts dus a ce changement. Le document passe egalement en revue les etudes existantes ainsi que les donnees disponibles qui peuvent etre utilisees pour etablir des liens entre les impacts climatiques et les variables cles dans les modeles economiques. Cette revue de litterature souligne les tres fortes disparites spatiales et chronologiques des modifications environnementales dues au changement climatique, et par consequent une forte heterogeneite que ces impacts physiques et biogeochimiques sont susceptibles de poser a l'ensemble des secteurs de l'economie, tant dans leur amplitude que sur le plan geographique ou temporel. L’analyse souligne l'incertitude liee a chacune de ces dimensions et les besoins de la recherche pour l'avenir.

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