Prostate Cancer Severity Associations with Neighborhood Deprivation

Background. The goal of this paper was to examine neighborhood deprivation and prostate cancer severity. Methods. We studied African American and Caucasian prostate cancer cases from the Pennsylvania State Cancer Registry. Census tract-level variables and deprivation scores were examined in relation to diagnosis stage, grade, and tumor aggressiveness. Results. We observed associations of low SES with high Gleason score among African Americans residing in neighborhoods with low educational attainment (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.13–1.60), high poverty (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.15–1.67), low car ownership (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.20–1.78), and higher percentage of residents on public assistance (OR = 1.32, 95% = 1.08–1.62). The highest quartile of neighborhood deprivation was also associated with high Gleason score. For both Caucasians and African Americans, the highest quartile of neighborhood deprivation was associated with high Gleason score at diagnosis (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.19–1.52; OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.21–2.40, resp.). Conclusion. Using a neighborhood deprivation index, we observed associations between high-grade prostate cancer and neighborhood deprivation in Caucasians and African-Americans.

[1]  V. Chang,et al.  Racial residential segregation and weight status among US adults. , 2006, Social science & medicine.

[2]  A. Ellis.  Breast , 2002, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[3]  A. D. Diez Roux,et al.  Neighborhood characteristics and components of the insulin resistance syndrome in young adults: the coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study. , 2002, Diabetes care.

[4]  Lisa M Roche,et al.  Clusters of census tracts with high proportions of men with distant-stage prostate cancer incidence in New Jersey, 1995 to 1999. , 2006, American journal of preventive medicine.

[5]  T. Byers,et al.  The impact of socioeconomic status on survival after cancer in the United States , 2008, Cancer.

[6]  Y. Taylor,et al.  Racial differences in PSA screening interval and stage at diagnosis , 2010, Cancer Causes & Control.

[7]  M. Guagliardo,et al.  Physician accessibility: an urban case study of pediatric providers. , 2004, Health & place.

[8]  A. D. Diez Roux,et al.  Neighbourhood characteristics and mortality in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. , 2004, International journal of epidemiology.

[9]  S. Devesa,et al.  Trends and patterns of prostate cancer: what do they suggest? , 2001, Epidemiologic reviews.

[10]  Amy Y. Chen,et al.  Disparities Associated with Advanced Prostate Cancer Stage at Diagnosis , 2010, Journal of health care for the poor and underserved.

[11]  L. Berkman,et al.  Neighborhood effects on the self-rated health of elders: uncovering the relative importance of structural and service-related neighborhood environments. , 2006, The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences.

[12]  B. Stoll.  Affluence, Obesity, and Breast Cancer , 2000, The breast journal.

[13]  David R. Williams,et al.  Measuring social class in US public health research: concepts, methodologies, and guidelines. , 1997, Annual review of public health.

[14]  W. Marsden.  I and J , 2012 .

[15]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[16]  D. Ahn,et al.  Effect of cross-level interaction between individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status on adult mortality rates. , 2006, American journal of public health.

[17]  M. Terris,et al.  Obesity and biochemical outcome following radical prostatectomy for organ confined disease with negative surgical margins. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[18]  Indiana Strombom,et al.  Socioeconomic Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: Distinguishing Individual- and Community-Level Effects , 2004, Epidemiology.

[19]  I. Kolčić,et al.  Breast, colon, and prostate screening in the adult population of Croatia: does rural origin matter? , 2007, Rural and remote health.

[20]  K. Sundquist,et al.  Inequities in CHD incidence and case fatality by neighborhood deprivation. , 2007, American journal of preventive medicine.

[21]  Elaine A. Ostrander,et al.  Genetic Polymorphisms in Inflammation Pathway Genes and Prostate Cancer Risk , 2011, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.

[22]  M. Makary,et al.  Residential segregation and access to surgical care by minority populations in US counties. , 2009, Journal of the American College of Surgeons.

[23]  Ravi Maheswaran,et al.  Socioeconomic deprivation, travel distance, location of service, and uptake of breast cancer screening in North Derbyshire, UK , 2006, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.

[24]  A. Chokkalingam,et al.  Prostate cancer epidemiology. , 2006, Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library.

[25]  J. Boardman,et al.  Stress and physical health: the role of neighborhoods as mediating and moderating mechanisms. , 2004, Social science & medicine.

[26]  L. Chambless,et al.  Neighborhood of residence and incidence of coronary heart disease. , 2001, The New England journal of medicine.

[27]  C. Gwede,et al.  Analysis of prostate cancer incidence using geographic information system and multilevel modeling. , 2007, Journal of the National Medical Association.

[28]  R. Sapolsky.  Sick of poverty. , 2005, Scientific American.

[29]  T. Koppie,et al.  Men of higher socioeconomic status have improved outcomes after radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. , 2010, Urology.

[30]  Miss A.O. Penney.  (b) , 1974, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[31]  C. Holman,et al.  Prostate cancer: socio‐economic, geographical and private‐health insurance effects on care and survival , 2005, BJU international.

[32]  L. Clegg,et al.  Impact of socioeconomic status on cancer incidence and stage at diagnosis: selected findings from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results: National Longitudinal Mortality Study , 2008, Cancer Causes & Control.

[33]  N. Jewell,et al.  To GEE or Not to GEE: Comparing Population Average and Mixed Models for Estimating the Associations Between Neighborhood Risk Factors and Health , 2010, Epidemiology.

[34]  J. Wardle,et al.  Socioeconomic disparities in cancer-risk behaviors in adolescence: baseline results from the Health and Behaviour in Teenagers Study (HABITS). , 2003, Preventive medicine.

[35]  A. Baum,et al.  Socioeconomic Status and Chronic Stress: Does Stress Account for SES Effects on Health? , 1999, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[36]  A. D'Amico,et al.  The combination of preoperative prostate specific antigen and postoperative pathological findings to predict prostate specific antigen outcome in clinically localized prostate cancer. , 1998, The Journal of urology.

[37]  M. Rendón.  Race or ethnicity? , 1994, Hospital & community psychiatry.

[38]  E. Feuer,et al.  SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2003 , 2006 .

[39]  D. Neal,et al.  Population based time trends and socioeconomic variation in use of radiotherapy and radical surgery for prostate cancer in a UK region: continuous survey , 2010, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[40]  Aaas News,et al.  Book Reviews , 1893, Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal.

[41]  Jessica G. Burke,et al.  The Development of a Standardized Neighborhood Deprivation Index , 2006, Journal of Urban Health.

[42]  E. Reither,et al.  A multilevel analysis of race, community disadvantage, and body mass index among adults in the US. , 2004, Social science & medicine.

[43]  Victoria Basolo,et al.  Neighborhood physical conditions and health. , 2003, American journal of public health.

[44]  Kevin Barraclough,et al.  I and i , 2001, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[45]  Tina L. Freiburger,et al.  A Multilevel Analysis of Race on the , 2011 .

[46]  Martin Kulldorff,et al.  Geographical clustering of prostate cancer grade and stage at diagnosis, before and after adjustment for risk factors , 2005, International Journal of Health Geographics.

[47]  S V Subramanian,et al.  Race/ethnicity, gender, and monitoring socioeconomic gradients in health: a comparison of area-based socioeconomic measures--the public health disparities geocoding project. , 2003, American journal of public health.

[48]  D. Bostwick,et al.  Human prostate cancer risk factors , 2004, Cancer.