Reactive power management in an offshore AC network having multiple voltage source converters

Many offshore wind power plants are being developed every year at North and Baltic Sea. Combined energy transmission to shore instead of standalone is suitable from the prospective of environment and integrated European power market. Offshore ac hub is beneficial for the wind power plants that are far from shore but close to each other within the vicinity of 20 km. This article presents a method of controlling reactive power flow in the offshore ac grid to minimize the power losses and select the suitable network layout. In the proposed scheme, offshore grid frequency and voltage is controlled through more than one converters. Using frequency droop, active power sharing is done among converters and with voltage droop reactive power. Further, the optimization algorithm also provide the set points for wind power plants to contribute in the management of reactive power flow.

[1]  Yuyu Zhou,et al.  The impacts of wind technology advancement on future global energy , 2016 .

[2]  Stephan Spiecker,et al.  Market impact of an offshore grid — A case study , 2010, IEEE PES General Meeting.

[3]  Ronnie Belmans,et al.  Generalized steady-state VSC MTDC model for sequential AC/DC power flow algorithms , 2013, 2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting.

[4]  Andreas Sumper,et al.  Technical and economic assessment of offshore wind power plants based on variable frequency operation of clusters with a single power converter , 2014 .

[5]  Andreas Sumper,et al.  Reactive power dispatch in wind farms using particle swarm optimization technique and feasible solutions search , 2011 .

[6]  Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt,et al.  Reactive power management in an offshore AC network having multiple voltage source converters , 2017 .

[7]  I. Erlich,et al.  Optimal dispatch of reactive sources in wind farms , 2011, 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.

[8]  Christof Humpert,et al.  Long distance transmission systems for the future electricity supply – Analysis of possibilities and restrictions , 2012 .

[9]  Jun Liang,et al.  Topologies of multiterminal HVDC-VSC transmission for large offshore wind farms , 2011 .

[10]  Mun-Kyeom Kim,et al.  Optimal generation rescheduling for meshed AC/HIS grids with multi-terminal voltage source converter high voltage direct current and battery energy storage system , 2017 .

[11]  Abbas Rabiee,et al.  Optimal reactive power dispatch for improving voltage stability margin using a local voltage stability index , 2012 .

[12]  Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt,et al.  Control System of Voltage Source Converter to Interconnect Offshore AC Hub with Multiple Onshore Grids , 2015, 2015 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA).

[13]  J. Tambke,et al.  An offshore transmission grid for wind power integration: The European techno-economic study OffshoreGrid , 2010, IEEE PES General Meeting.

[14]  Hortensia Amaris,et al.  A multiobjective approach for reactive power planning in networks with wind power generation , 2012 .

[15]  Q. H. Wu,et al.  Multi-objective optimization and decision making for power dispatch of a large-scale integrated energy system with distributed DHCs embedded , 2015 .

[16]  P.W. Lehn,et al.  Autonomous load sharing of voltage source converters , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[17]  J. W. Bialek.  European offshore power grid demonstration projects , 2012, 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.

[18]  O. Gomis-Bellmunt,et al.  Control Design Strategy to Enhance the Fault-Ride-Through Capability of VSC-HVDC Transmission System Interconnecting Offshore Wind Power Plant , 2015 .

[19]  Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt,et al.  Droop control for loss minimization in HVDC multi-terminal transmission systems for large offshore wind farms , 2014 .

[20]  Edin Omerdic,et al.  Analysis of parallel connected synchronous generators in a novel offshore wind farm model , 2011 .

[21]  Nelson L. Diaz,et al.  Design and implementation of a VSC for interconnection with power grids, using the method of identification the system through state space for the calculation of controllers , 2011 .

[22]  Andreas Sumper,et al.  Maximum generation power evaluation of variable frequency offshore wind farms when connected to a single power converter , 2010 .

[23]  Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt,et al.  Dynamic Modelling and Implementation of VSC-HVDC System - The Grid Connected Large Offshore Wind Power Plant Application , 2014, SMARTGREENS.

[24]  W.L. Kling,et al.  HVDC Connection of Offshore Wind Farms to the Transmission System , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[25]  Ivo Barbi,et al.  A Control Strategy for Parallel Operation of Single-Phase Voltage Source Inverters: Analysis, Design and Experimental Results , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[26]  Ernane Antônio Alves Coelho,et al.  Small signal stability for parallel connected inverters in stand-alone AC supply systems , 2000, Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Fifth IAS Annual Meeting and World Conference on Industrial Applications of Electrical Energy (Cat. No.00CH37129).

[27]  I. Erlich,et al.  Enhanced Fault Ride-Through Method for Wind Farms Connected to the Grid Through VSC-Based HVDC Transmission , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[28]  Istvan Erlich,et al.  Online Optimal Control of Reactive Sources in Wind Power Plants , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[29]  Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt,et al.  Droop Control Design of Multi-VSC Systems for Offshore Networks to Integrate Wind Energy , 2016 .

[30]  I. Erlich,et al.  Enhanced Voltage Drop Control by VSC–HVDC Systems for Improving Wind Farm Fault Ridethrough Capability , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.