Analysis of PDCCH Performance for M2M Traffic in LTE

As Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is starting to be widely deployed, the volume of machine-to-machine (M2M) traffic is increasing very rapidly. From the M2M traffic point of view, one of the issues to be addressed is the overload of the random access channel. The limitation in the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) resources may severely constrain the number of devices that an LTE Evolved Node B (eNB) can serve. We develop a Markov model that describes the evolution of the Message 4 queue in the eNB formed by several users performing the random access procedure simultaneously, and then, we study its stability and performance. Our model explicitly takes into account the four initial steps in the random access procedure. By utilizing the model, we are able to determine the stability limit of the system, which defines the maximum throughput and the probability of failure of the random access procedure due to different causes. We observe that the sharing of the PDCCH resources between Messages 2 and 4 with different priorities makes the performance of the whole random access procedure deteriorate very rapidly near the stability limit. However, we can extend the maximum throughput and improve the overall performance by increasing the PDCCH resource size. Furthermore, we estimate the upper limit of the number of devices that can be served by an LTE eNB and determine the minimum PDCCH resource size needed to satisfy a given traffic demand.

[1]  Randolph D. Nelson,et al.  Probability, stochastic processes, and queueing theory - the mathematics of computer performance modeling , 1995 .

[2]  Ioannis E. Pountourakis,et al.  Analysis, stability and optimization of Aloha-type protocols for multichannel networks , 1992, Comput. Commun..

[3]  Mario E. Rivero-Angeles,et al.  A new EDGE medium access control mechanism using adaptive traffic load slotted ALOHA , 2001, IEEE 54th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC Fall 2001. Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37211).

[4]  Hung-Yu Wei,et al.  Lte-advanced and 4g Wireless Communications: Part 2 Overload Control for Machine-type-communications in Lte-advanced System Rach Procedure Signaling Flow Ue Behaviors Ran Overload Control Method , 2022 .

[5]  H. Liu,et al.  Conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems , 2001 .

[6]  Dimitri P. Bertsekas,et al.  Data Networks , 1986 .

[7]  Felix Wortmann,et al.  Internet of Things , 2015, Business & Information Systems Engineering.

[8]  Sheldon M. Ross,et al.  Stochastic Processes , 2018, Gauge Integral Structures for Stochastic Calculus and Quantum Electrodynamics.

[9]  Anna Larmo,et al.  RAN overload control for Machine Type Communications in LTE , 2012, 2012 IEEE Globecom Workshops.

[10]  Kyung-Joon Park,et al.  Automatic configuration of random access channel parameters in LTE systems , 2011, 2011 IFIP Wireless Days (WD).

[11]  Randolph Nelson,et al.  Probability, Stochastic Processes, and Queueing Theory , 1995 .

[12]  Chia-han Lee,et al.  Prioritized Random Access with dynamic access barring for RAN overload in 3GPP LTE-A networks , 2011, 2011 IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops (GC Wkshps).

[13]  Victor C. M. Leung,et al.  Design and Analysis of Backoff Algorithms for Random Access Channels in UMTS-LTE and IEEE 802.16 Systems , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[14]  Dimitri P. Bertsekas,et al.  Data networks (2nd ed.) , 1992 .

[15]  Victor C. M. Leung,et al.  Performance Modeling and Stability of Semi-Persistent Scheduling with Initial Random Access in LTE , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[16]  Kwang-Cheng Chen,et al.  Toward ubiquitous massive accesses in 3GPP machine-to-machine communications , 2011, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[17]  Jing Wang,et al.  An adaptive medium access control mechanism for cellular based Machine to Machine (M2M) communication , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Wireless Information Technology and Systems.

[18]  Lusheng Ji,et al.  A first look at cellular machine-to-machine traffic: large scale measurement and characterization , 2012, SIGMETRICS '12.

[19]  Richard L. Tweedie,et al.  Markov Chains and Stochastic Stability , 1993, Communications and Control Engineering Series.

[20]  Ki-Dong Lee,et al.  Throughput comparison of random access methods for M2M service over LTE networks , 2011, 2011 IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops (GC Wkshps).