Two Dogmas of Empiricism 1 a

Originallypublishedin The PhilosophicalReview60 (1951): 20-43. Reprintedin W.V.O. Quine, From a Logical Point of View (HarvardUniversityPress, 1953; second, revised, edition 1961), with the followingalterations: "The version printedhere divergesfromthe original in footnotesand in other minor respects: §§1 and 6 have been abridgedwhere theyencroachon the precedingessay ["On What ThereIs"], and §§3-4 have been expandedat points."