Conflict On the Courts

Sports-related violence is a form of interpersonal violence. Violence that occurs in and around the sporting world can have potentially severe physical and psychological repercussions for those involved. Although scholars in a wide range of disciplines have addressed three of the subsets of sports-related violence, they have done so without regard to the interconnected nature of the subsets, choosing instead to look at hazing, brawling, and foul play as independent problems. By separating hazing, brawling, and foul play and failing to recognize that their connection to sport connects them, scholars fail to see how sports-related violence is a broad example of interpersonal violence. This review describes some of the academic literature, primarily from the United States, and identifies similar themes and prevention suggestions that appear across disciplines. It also argues that the three subsets are an interconnected whole of sports-related violence that deserves more detailed study.

[1]  J. Parks,et al.  Effects of Gender and Sport Type on Intercollegiate Athletes' Perceptions of the Legitimacy of Aggressive Behaviors in Sport , 2001 .

[2]  G. Lüschen,et al.  Violence and Sport. , 1983 .

[3]  K. Colburn.  Deviance and Legitimacy in Ice-Hockey: A Microstructural Theory of Violence , 1986 .

[4]  M. A. Finkel.  Traumatic injuries caused by hazing practices. , 2002, The American journal of emergency medicine.

[5]  Allen S. Mandel.  Comment … , 1978, British heart journal.

[6]  D. E. Abrams.  The Challenge Facing Parents and Coaches in Youth Sports: Assuring Children Fun and Equal Opportunity , 2002 .

[7]  E. Shields.  Intimidation and violence by males in high school athletics. , 1999, Adolescence.

[8]  Michael A. Messner,et al.  When bodies are weapons: Masculinity and violence in Sport , 1990 .

[9]  S. Zandieh,et al.  Hazing of suburban middle school and high school athletes. , 2003, The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine.

[10]  S K Fields,et al.  The fair sex? Foul play among female rugby players. , 2005, Journal of science and medicine in sport.

[11]  D. Stolinsky.  Violence in America. , 2018, The Western journal of medicine.

[12]  S. Campo,et al.  Prevalence and profiling: hazing among college students and points of intervention. , 2005, American journal of health behavior.

[13]  J Hulme,et al.  Boys will be boys. , 1976, Nursing times.

[14]  David L. Wiesenthal,et al.  Masculinity and hockey violence , 1995 .

[15]  Variations in NHL Attendance , 2003 .

[16]  K. Glanz,et al.  An Ecological Perspective on Health Promotion Programs , 1988, Health education quarterly.

[17]  D. Cotten,et al.  Law for Recreation and Sport Managers , 2000 .

[18]  B. L. Bredemeier,et al.  The Utility of Moral Stage Analysis in the Investigation of Athletic Aggression , 1984 .

[19]  P. McKenry,et al.  Athlete Aggression on the Rink and off the Ice , 2004 .

[20]  Ilina Singh,et al.  Boys Will Be Boys: Fathers' Perspectives on ADHD Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Drug Treatment , 2003, Harvard review of psychiatry.

[21]  Y. Marignac,et al.  Note , 1951, Neurochemistry International.

[22]  P. G. Brolinson,et al.  Position Statement. Violence and injury in ice hockey. , 2002, Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine.

[23]  Hank Nuwer.  The hazing reader , 2004 .

[24]  D. Rainey.  Assaults on umpires: a statewide survey. , 1994 .

[25]  International Review for the Sociology of Sport , 1984 .

[26]  N. Hoover,et al.  Initiation Rites in American High Schools: A National Survey. Final Report. , 2000 .

[27]  M. Messner.  When bodies are weapons , 1992 .

[28]  D. Rainey,et al.  Assaults on basketball referees: A statewide survey. , 1998 .

[29]  J. Kerr,et al.  Rethinking aggression and violence in sport , 2004 .