The Random Component of Mixer-Based Nonlinear Vector Network Analyzer Measurement Uncertainty

The uncertainty, due to random noise, of the measurements made with a mixer-based nonlinear vector network analyzer are analyzed. An approximate covariance matrix corresponding to the measurements is derived that can be used for fitting models and maximizing the dynamic range in the measurement setup. The validity of the approximation is verified with measurements.

[1]  Bruno O. Shubert,et al.  Random variables and stochastic processes , 1979 .

[2]  Robert B. Schnabel,et al.  Computational experience with confidence intervals for nonlinear least squares , 1986 .

[3]  B D Hall,et al.  Calculating measurement uncertainty for complex-valued quantities , 2003 .

[4]  Robert B. Schnabel,et al.  Computational experience with confidence intervals for nonlinear least squares , 1987 .

[5]  John E. Dennis,et al.  Algorithm 573: NL2SOL—An Adaptive Nonlinear Least-Squares Algorithm [E4] , 1981, TOMS.

[6]  K. Sam Shanmugan,et al.  Simulation of Communication Systems , 1992 .

[7]  S. J. Press,et al.  Applied Multivariate Analysis. , 1973 .

[8]  J.B. Scott,et al.  Mixer-based, vector-corrected, vector signal/network analyzer offering 300kHz-20GHz bandwidth and traceable phase response , 2005, IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2005..

[9]  S. Rice.  Mathematical analysis of random noise , 1944 .

[10]  Athanasios Papoulis,et al.  Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes , 1965 .

[11]  J.M. Morgan,et al.  Calibrating electro-optic sampling systems , 2001, 2001 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Sympsoium Digest (Cat. No.01CH37157).

[12]  Dylan F. Williams,et al.  A General Waveguide Circuit Theory , 1992, Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

[13]  J.B. Scott,et al.  Noise considerations when determining phase of large-signal microwave measurements , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[14]  S. O. Rice,et al.  Statistical properties of a sine wave plus random noise , 1948, Bell Syst. Tech. J..

[15]  Aarnout Brombacher,et al.  Probability... , 2009, Qual. Reliab. Eng. Int..

[16]  Michel C. Jeruchim,et al.  Simulation of Communication Systems: Modeling, Methodology and Techniques , 2000 .

[17]  J. M. BoardmanAbstract,et al.  Contemporary Mathematics , 2007 .

[18]  Kate A. Remley,et al.  Phase detrending for measured multisine signals , 2003, 61st ARFTG Conference Digest, Spring 2003..