Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System: an expert consensus statement

The increasing incidence and high morbidity and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have inspired the creation of the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS). LI-RADS aims to reduce variability in exam interpretation, improve communication, facilitate clinical therapeutic decisions, reduce omission of pertinent information, and facilitate the monitoring of outcomes. LI-RADS is a dynamic process, which is updated frequently. In this article, we describe the LI-RADS 2014 version (v2014), which marks the second update since the initial version in 2011.

[1]  O. Linton,et al.  American College of Radiology , 2018, Definitions.

[2]  C. Ayuso,et al.  Imaging of HCC , 2012, Abdominal Imaging.

[3]  B. Saar,et al.  Radiological diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma , 2008, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[4]  ndrea,et al.  Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis. , 1996, The New England journal of medicine.

[5]  J. Marrero,et al.  NAFLD may be a common underlying liver disease in patients with hepatocellular Carcinoma in the United States , 2002, Hepatology.

[6]  R. Dhanasekaran,et al.  Hepatocellular carcinoma: current trends in worldwide epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and therapeutics , 2012, Hepatic medicine : evidence and research.

[7]  H. El‐Serag,et al.  Rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. , 1999, The New England journal of medicine.

[8]  Kathryn J Fowler,et al.  Magnetic resonance imaging of focal liver lesions: Approach to imaging diagnosis , 2011, Hepatology.

[9]  O. Matsui,et al.  Hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation of MR imaging and histopathologic findings. , 1992, Radiology.

[10]  Y. Jeong,et al.  Hepatocellular carcinoma in the cirrhotic liver with helical CT and MRI: imaging spectrum and pitfalls of cirrhosis-related nodules. , 2005, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[11]  P. Hewson,et al.  Surveillance of cirrhosis for hepatocellular carcinoma: systematic review and economic analysis. , 2007, Health technology assessment.

[12]  H. Hussain,et al.  Improving the prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients with an arterially‐enhancing liver mass , 2005, Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society.

[13]  J. Bruix,et al.  Non-invasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma ≤ 2 cm in cirrhosis. Diagnostic accuracy assessing fat, capsule and signal intensity at dynamic MRI. , 2012, Journal of hepatology.

[14]  A. Ragozzino,et al.  Transient hepatic intensity differences: part 1, Those associated with focal lesions. , 2007, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[15]  H. El‐Serag,et al.  Hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology and molecular carcinogenesis. , 2007, Gastroenterology.

[16]  O. Matsui,et al.  Hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma: evaluation of hemodynamics with dynamic CT during hepatic arteriography. , 1998, Radiology.

[17]  Carlos Cuevas,et al.  Imaging Techniques for the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma , 2015, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[18]  Giuseppe Brancatelli,et al.  Helical CT screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: frequency and causes of false-positive interpretation. , 2003, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[19]  D. Woodfield.  Hepatocellular carcinoma. , 1986, The New Zealand medical journal.

[20]  C. Chu,et al.  Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic type B hepatitis. A prospective study. , 1986, Gastroenterology.

[21]  Josepa Ribes,et al.  Primary liver cancer: worldwide incidence and trends. , 2004, Gastroenterology.

[22]  H. El‐Serag,et al.  Hepatocellular carcinoma: recent trends in the United States. , 2004, Gastroenterology.

[23]  P. Hytiroglou,et al.  The multistep process of hepatocarcinogenesis in cirrhosis with imaging correlation , 2002, European Radiology.

[24]  Erick M Remer,et al.  LI-RADS: a case-based review of the new categorization of liver findings in patients with end-stage liver disease. , 2012, Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.

[25]  C. Sirlin,et al.  Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System: Review of Major Imaging Features. , 2016, Seminars in roentgenology.

[26]  D. Mitchell,et al.  Small (<20 mm) enhancing hepatic nodules seen on arterial phase MR imaging of the cirrhotic liver: clinical implications. , 2002, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[27]  S. Altekruse,et al.  Hepatocellular Carcinoma Confirmation, Treatment, and Survival in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Registries, 1992‐2008 , 2012, Hepatology.

[28]  H. Hussain,et al.  New OPTN/UNOS policy for liver transplant allocation: standardization of liver imaging, diagnosis, classification, and reporting of hepatocellular carcinoma. , 2013, Radiology.

[29]  Zhao-You Tang,et al.  Randomized controlled trial of screening for hepatocellular carcinoma , 2004, Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.

[30]  Jacques Ferlay,et al.  Estimating the world cancer burden: Globocan 2000 , 2001, International journal of cancer.

[31]  Puneet S. Sharma,et al.  Optimization of single injection liver arterial phase gadolinium enhanced MRI using bolus track real‐time imaging , 2011, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[32]  G. Dusheiko,et al.  Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. , 1992, Journal of hepatology.

[33]  J. Willatt,et al.  MR Imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma in the cirrhotic liver: challenges and controversies. , 2008, Radiology.

[34]  D. Mitchell,et al.  Cirrhosis and lesion characterization at MR imaging. , 2009, Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.

[35]  K. Kaneko,et al.  Preoperative predictors of vascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. , 2008, European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology.

[36]  G. Dodd,et al.  Portal Vein Thrombosis in Patients with Cirrhosis: Does Sonographic Detection of Intrathrombus Flow Allow Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Thrombus? , 1995, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.