Buccal Mucosa as a route for Drug Delivery: Mechanism, Design and Evaluation

Since the early 1980s there has been renewed interest in the use of bioadhesive polymers to prolong contact time in the various mucosal routes of drug administration. As we all know that, the buccal cavity is highly acceptable by patients, the mucosa is relatively permeable with a rich blood supply. Bypass of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic portal system, increasing the bioavailability of orally administered drugs that otherwise undergo hepatic first metabolism. The release of drug from the buccal mucosa is continuously affected by mucus secreted from salivary gland. The buccal mucosa is a potential site for the controlled delivery of hydrophilic macromolecular therapeutics agents such as peptides, oligonucleotides and polysaccharides. Absorption enhancer may be required to overcome this delivery. And by changing mucus rheology, increasing the fluidity of lipid bilayer membrane, acting on the components at tight junctions, by overcoming the enzymatic barrier, increasing the thermodynamic activity of drugs. And along with those different types of diffusions, intercellular movements and endocytosis, this process take part to delivers of the novel drugs by buccal mucosa as systemic delivery. The main aim our review is to focus on the mechanism for the delivery of drug as a novel carrier by matrix, reservoir, and patch, design to systemic delivery, and without the changing of pattern of evaluation for buccal systemic delivery, can be used as a potential drug delivery. And in the fields of novel drug delivery systems the most acceptable and challenging role is accomplishing by one of the most acceptable and challenging route buccal mucosa as systemic drug delivery.