Cardiac Tissue Engineering, Ex-Vivo: Design Principles in Biomaterials and Bioreactors

Cardiac tissue engineering has emerged as a promising approach to replace or support an infarcted cardiac tissue and thus may hold a great potential to treat and save the lives of patients with heart diseases. By its broad definition, tissue engineering involves the construction of tissue equivalents from donor cells seeded within 3-D biomaterials, then culturing and implanting the cell-seeded scaffolds to induce and direct the growth of new, healthy tissue. In this review, we present an up-to-date summary of the research in cardiac tissue engineering, with an emphasis on the design principles and selection criteria that have been used in two key technologies employed in tissue engineering, (1) biomaterials technology, for the creation of 3-D porous scaffolds which are used to support and guide the tissue formation from dissociated cells, and (2) bioreactor cultivation of the 3-D cell constructs during ex-vivo tissue engineering, which aims to duplicate the normal stresses and flows experienced by the tissues.

[1]  Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic,et al.  Perfusion improves tissue architecture of engineered cardiac muscle. , 2002, Tissue engineering.

[2]  Bart Meuris,et al.  Design of a new pulsatile bioreactor for tissue engineered aortic heart valve formation. , 2002, Artificial organs.

[3]  Y. Tabe,et al.  Numerical calculation of flow orientation effects in the Langmuir–Blodgett deposition process , 1993 .

[4]  S R Gonda,et al.  Cardiac organogenesis in vitro: reestablishment of three-dimensional tissue architecture by dissociated neonatal rat ventricular cells. , 1999, Tissue engineering.

[5]  O. Böstman,et al.  Foreign-body reactions to fracture fixation implants of biodegradable synthetic polymers. , 1990, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[6]  D. Ingber,et al.  Prevascularization of porous biodegradable polymers , 1993, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[7]  D J Mooney,et al.  Alginate hydrogels as synthetic extracellular matrix materials. , 1999, Biomaterials.

[8]  R Hetzer,et al.  New pulsatile bioreactor for fabrication of tissue-engineered patches. , 2001, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[9]  Smadar Cohen,et al.  Optimization of cardiac cell seeding and distribution in 3D porous alginate scaffolds. , 2002, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[10]  J E Mayer,et al.  New pulsatile bioreactor for in vitro formation of tissue engineered heart valves. , 2000, Tissue engineering.

[11]  K M Baldwin,et al.  Altered actin and myosin expression in muscle during exposure to microgravity. , 1992, Journal of applied physiology.

[12]  D. E. Philpott,et al.  Morphological and biochemical examination of Cosmos 1887 rat heart tissue: Part I — ultrastructure , 1990, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[13]  Payam Akhyari,et al.  Mechanical Stretch Regimen Enhances the Formation of Bioengineered Autologous Cardiac Muscle Grafts , 2002, Circulation.

[14]  Ursula Ravens,et al.  Cardiac tissue engineering. , 2002, Transplant immunology.

[15]  R. Weisel,et al.  Construction of a bioengineered cardiac graft. , 2000, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[16]  加田 賢治,et al.  Orientation change of cardiocytes induced by cyclic stretch stimulation : time dependency and involvement of protein kinases , 1999 .

[17]  Robert Langer,et al.  Tissue engineering: the design and fabrication of living replacement devices for surgical reconstruction and transplantation , 1999, The Lancet.

[18]  Clark K. Colton,et al.  Implantable Biohybrid Artificial Organs , 1995 .

[19]  A. Perets,et al.  Enhancing the vascularization of three-dimensional porous alginate scaffolds by incorporating controlled release basic fibroblast growth factor microspheres. , 2003, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[20]  J. Merchuk,et al.  Hepatocyte behavior within three-dimensional porous alginate scaffolds. , 2000, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[21]  Smadar Cohen,et al.  Tailoring the pore architecture in 3-D alginate scaffolds by controlling the freezing regime during fabrication. , 2002, Biomaterials.

[22]  M. Sefton,et al.  Tissue engineering. , 1998, Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery.

[23]  D. Mooney,et al.  Polymeric system for dual growth factor delivery , 2001, Nature Biotechnology.

[24]  R. Schwartz,et al.  Repair of articular cartilage defects with collagen-chondrocyte allografts. , 1995, Tissue engineering.

[25]  A. S. Krupnick,et al.  Bone marrow tissue engineering. , 2002, Tissue engineering.

[26]  R Langer,et al.  Tissue engineering of functional cardiac muscle: molecular, structural, and electrophysiological studies. , 2001, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[27]  J. Feijen,et al.  Changes in the mechanical properties of dermal sheep collagen during in vitro degradation. , 1995, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[28]  J. Vacanti,et al.  Tissue engineering. , 1993, Science.

[29]  D J Mooney,et al.  Engineering smooth muscle tissue with a predefined structure. , 1998, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[30]  L. Shapiro,et al.  Novel alginate sponges for cell culture and transplantation. , 1997, Biomaterials.

[31]  Thomas Eschenhagen,et al.  Three‐dimensional reconstitution of embryonic cardiomyocytes in a collagen matrix: a new heart muscle model system , 1997, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[32]  J. Vacanti,et al.  Tissue engineering : Frontiers in biotechnology , 1993 .

[33]  W. Zimmermann,et al.  Tissue Engineering of a Differentiated Cardiac Muscle Construct , 2002, Circulation research.

[34]  F J Schoen,et al.  Cardiac tissue engineering: cell seeding, cultivation parameters, and tissue construct characterization. , 1999, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[35]  Arnoud van der Laarse,et al.  Cyclic stretch induces the release of growth promoting factors from cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts , 2000, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry.