Sorption of nonpolar organic vapors by ice and snow.

Two complementary methods of measuring the sorption of nonpolar organic vapors to snow and ice surfaces are described. Sorption measurements are presented for n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, benzene, chlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, 1,1,1 -trichloroethane, trichloroethene, and tetrachloro-ethene over the temperature range from -10 to 0 °C. A gas chromatographic retention time method using a column containing ice-coated Chromosorb P has the advantage of giving precise determinations of the air-ice surface partition coefficient for volatile chemicals. A snow pack method involves measuring the sorption of chemical from a gas stream into a bed of snow, the quantity sorbed being determined by the change in gas concentration and by directly measuring the snow concentration. This method more closely simulates environmental conditions, but the snow surface area is uncertain. It is concluded that to a first approximation partitioning at the air-ice interface can be estimated by extrapolating adsorption constants for the air-water interface. Implications concerning the fate of organic contaminants in environmental snow samples are discussed.