Scenarios of technology adoption towards low-carbon cities

Technological change has often been presented as a readily accepted means by which long-term greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions can be achieved. Cities are the future centers of economic growth, with the global population becoming predominantly urban; hence, increases or reductions of GHG emissions are tied to their energy strategies. This research examines the likelihood of a developed world city (the Greater Toronto Area) achieving an 80% reduction in GHG emissions through policy-enabled technological change.

[1]  A. Majumdar,et al.  Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future , 2012, Nature.

[2]  L. Sugar,et al.  Cities and greenhouse gas emissions: moving forward , 2011 .

[3]  Emmanuel P Kasseris,et al.  On the Road in 2035 : Reducing Transportation ’ s Petroleum Consumption and GHG Emissions , 2008 .

[4]  Arnulf Grubler,et al.  Time for a change: On the patterns of diffusion of innovation , 1996 .

[5]  C. C. Chan,et al.  The state of the art of electric and hybrid vehicles , 2002, Proc. IEEE.

[6]  C. Hendrickson,et al.  Life-Cycle Analysis of Alternative Automobile Fuel/Propulsion Technologies , 2000 .

[7]  Glen P. Peters,et al.  The contribution of Chinese exports to climate change , 2008 .

[8]  Jinyue Yan,et al.  Potential market niches for biomass energy with CO2 capture and storage—Opportunities for energy supply with negative CO2 emissions , 2003 .

[9]  M. Lenzen,et al.  How City Dwellers Affect Their Resource Hinterland , 2009 .

[10]  G. T. Gardner,et al.  Household actions can provide a behavioral wedge to rapidly reduce US carbon emissions , 2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[11]  Joseph Romm,et al.  The hype about hydrogen , 2006, IEEE Engineering Management Review.

[12]  N. Meinshausen,et al.  Greenhouse-gas emission targets for limiting global warming to 2 °C , 2009, Nature.

[13]  C. Kennedy,et al.  Greenhouse Gas Emission Scenario Modeling for Cities Using the PURGE Model , 2012 .

[14]  Mark Z. Jacobson,et al.  Providing all global energy with wind, water, and solar power, Part I: Technologies, energy resources, quantities and areas of infrastructure, and materials , 2011 .

[15]  Michael Whitaker,et al.  Quantifying carbon mitigation wedges in U.S. cities: near-term strategy analysis and critical review. , 2012, Environmental science & technology.

[16]  Nebojsa Nakicenovic,et al.  Dynamics of energy technologies and global change , 1999 .

[17]  Christopher Kennedy,et al.  Comparing life cycle implications of building retrofit and replacement options , 2005 .

[18]  Aumnad Phdungsilp,et al.  Greenhouse gas emissions from global cities. , 2009, Environmental science & technology.

[19]  L. D. Danny Harvey.  Tackling Urban CO2 Emissions in Toronto , 1993 .

[20]  Nebojsa Nakicenovic,et al.  THE AUTOMOBILE ROAD TO TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE: DIFFUSION OF THE AUTOMOBILE AS A PROCESS OF TECHNOLOGICAL SUBSTITUTION. IN: THE AUTOMOBILE , 1986 .

[21]  Timothy M. Weis,et al.  Renewable is Doable: Affordable and flexible options for Ontario's long term energy plan , 2013 .

[22]  Randall Guensler,et al.  Electric vehicles: How much range is required for a day’s driving? , 2011 .

[23]  Goran Krajačić,et al.  Planning for a 100% independent energy system based on smart energy storage for integration of renewables and CO2 emissions reduction , 2011 .

[24]  Eugene Mohareb,et al.  Cities reducing their greenhouse gas emissions , 2012 .

[25]  C. Kennedy,et al.  Gross Direct and Embodied Carbon Sinks for Urban Inventories , 2012 .

[26]  J. Romm.  The car and fuel of the future , 2006 .

[27]  S Pacala,et al.  Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the Next 50 Years with Current Technologies , 2004, Science.