Modeling of a simple motor task in man: intentional arrest of an ongoing movement

AbstractNormal subjects and cerebellar patients were instructed to arrest “as soon as possible” a ballistically initiated flexion movement of the forearm. The intentional actions consist essentially of a downward torque, the peak value of which has almost a constant latency (about 200 msec) from the beginning of the movement. A variable number of oscillations precede the arrest of the movement, the characteristics of which depend on the initial velocity of the flexion and on the mass with which the forearm is loaded. The motor commands responsible for the intentionally produced downward torque are controlled centrally as to leave the ratio between the peak values of the angular velocity which precede and follow the peak of the torque almost constant, under all conditions. To describe the oscillations a simple analytical model was proposed which includes the mechanical as well as the reflex factors, the latter under the form of a delayed velocity term. The satisfactory fitting of this model to the experimental findings permitted to establish the following points:1.The oscillations are sustained by both a mechanical and a reflex stiffness. The contribution of the reflex loop is however quantitatively dominant since it accounts for about 75% of the inertial torque. It is fairly constant over the range of frequency of the oscillations considered.2.Under the imposed experimental conditions angular velocity appears to be the parameter of the movement which is predominantly sensed and fed back by the reflex loop. Data were also presented on the performance of the motor task by patients who underwent surgical ablations of the cerebellar cortex. Comparison of these results with those of normal subjects strongly supports the hypothesis that cerebellar-related activities are instrumental in determining the sensitivity of the stretch reflex to angular velocity.