Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge: Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivities

The rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is a famous traditional Chinese medicine, and widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The chemical components of S. miltiorrhiza have been widely studied, and tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, tanshinone IIB, cryptotanshinone, salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid B are its main bioactive components. These compounds possess many bioactivities, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection, anticancer, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammation, and antibacterial effects, and may serve as a potential specific medicine in the treatment of some chronic diseases. This review summarizes current knowledge about bioactive compounds and bioactivities of S. miltiorrhiza, and special attention was paid to the mechanisms of action. In addition, extraction and separation methods of main components of S. miltiorrhiza were discussed.

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