An Experimental Study of Foam Flow in Water Saturated Porous Media

.................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... iv Introduction ............................................................................................................................... ix Part I – Theory ............................................................................................................................ 1 1 Fundamentals in Carbon Capture Sequestration ................................................................. 3 1.1 Physical Properties of CO2 .......................................................................................... 3 1.2 CO2 Capture ................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 CO2 Transport .............................................................................................................. 4 1.4 CO2 Storage ................................................................................................................. 5 1.4.1 CO2 migration ...................................................................................................... 5 1.4.2 CO2 trapping mechanisms .................................................................................... 6 1.5 CO2 Storage Capacity and Efficiency in Saline Aquifers ........................................... 7 1.6 Displacement Instability .............................................................................................. 8 2 Foam ................................................................................................................................. 11 2.1 Definition of Foam .................................................................................................... 11 2.2 Mechanisms of Foam Generation .............................................................................. 12 2.3 Foam Flow Behavior ................................................................................................. 14 2.4 Foam Stability and Decay.......................................................................................... 15 2.5 Surfactant as Foaming Agent .................................................................................... 16 3 Reservoir Physics in CO2 Storage Schemes ..................................................................... 17 3.1 Fractured Reservoirs .................................................................................................. 17 3.2 CO2 Propagation in Fractured Geological Media ...................................................... 18 3.3 Displacement Efficiency ............................................................................................ 19 4 Literature Survey .............................................................................................................. 21 4.1 Foam Behavior in Porous Media ............................................................................... 21 4.2 Foam Behavior in Fractures ...................................................................................... 22 Part II – Experimental Procedures ........................................................................................... 25 5 Experimental Objective .................................................................................................... 27

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