3D rendering method for MRI image: a survey

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the most common systems used in acquiring detailed anatomical information in medical imaging. The key feature of the imaging technologies is their ability to provide detailed information about the anatomical structure and abnormalities. MRI images are obtained by varying the number and sequence of pulsed radio frequency field in order to take advantage of magnetic relaxation properties of hard and soft tissues. Specifically a strong magnetic field is generated to cause atoms inside the body to become aligned. After alignment, a radio wave is issued to activate the atoms. Once the radio signal is turned off, the atoms give off a small characteristic signal. Those signals are then measured with a sensitive antenna called an MRI coil. This process is repeated many times until enough measurements are detected to create a series of detailed images. MRI does not use any ionizing radiation, and can create images of almost any body part oriented in any direction. Figure 8.1 shows a MRI example of a head.

[1]  M. Bauer,et al.  Interactive volume on standard PC graphics hardware using multi-textures and multi-stage rasterization , 2000, Workshop on Graphics Hardware.

[2]  Klaus Mueller,et al.  A practical evaluation of popular volume rendering algorithms , 2000, VVS '00.

[3]  Benjamin Mora,et al.  A new object-order ray-casting algorithm , 2002, IEEE Visualization, 2002. VIS 2002..

[4]  Arie E. Kaufman,et al.  Template‐Based Volume Viewing , 1992, Comput. Graph. Forum.

[5]  Brian Cabral,et al.  Accelerated volume rendering and tomographic reconstruction using texture mapping hardware , 1994, VVS '94.

[6]  Allen Van Gelder,et al.  Direct volume rendering with shading via three-dimensional textures , 1996, Proceedings of 1996 Symposium on Volume Visualization.

[7]  Peter-Pike J. Sloan,et al.  Interactive Ray Tracing for Volume Visualization , 1999, IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph..

[8]  D. Cohen,et al.  Proximity clouds — an acceleration technique for 3D grid traversal , 1994, The Visual Computer.

[9]  M. Levoy,et al.  Fast volume rendering using a shear-warp factorization of the viewing transformation , 1994, SIGGRAPH.

[10]  Gunter Knittel,et al.  The ULTRAVIS System , 2000, 2000 IEEE Symposium on Volume Visualization (VV 2000).

[11]  Rüdiger Westermann,et al.  Acceleration techniques for GPU-based volume rendering , 2003, IEEE Visualization, 2003. VIS 2003..

[12]  Roni Yagel,et al.  Multi-Frame Thrashless Ray Casting with Advancing Ray-Front , 1996, Graphics Interface.

[13]  Marc Levoy,et al.  Display of surfaces from volume data , 1988, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[14]  Klaus Mueller,et al.  Shear-Warp Deluxe: The Shear-Warp Algorithm Revisited , 2002, VisSym.

[15]  Rüdiger Westermann,et al.  Efficiently using graphics hardware in volume rendering applications , 1998, SIGGRAPH.

[16]  Marc Levoy,et al.  Efficient ray tracing of volume data , 1990, TOGS.

[17]  Kenneth R. Sloan,et al.  Accelerated volume rendering using homogeneous region encoding , 1997 .

[18]  Hanspeter Pfister,et al.  Hardware-Accelerated Volume Rendering , 2005, The Visualization Handbook.

[19]  Marc Levoy,et al.  Volume rendering by adaptive refinement , 1990, The Visual Computer.

[20]  Jian Huang,et al.  High-Quality Splatting on Rectilinear Grids with Efficient Culling of Occluded Voxels , 1999, IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph..

[21]  Wolfgang Straßer,et al.  Enabling classification and shading for 3D texture mapping based volume rendering using OpenGL and extensions , 1999, VIS '99.

[22]  Roni Yagel,et al.  Accelerating volume animation by space-leaping , 1993, Proceedings Visualization '93.

[23]  Wolfgang Straßer,et al.  Interactive rendering of large volume data sets , 2002, IEEE Visualization, 2002. VIS 2002..

[24]  John C. Hart,et al.  A Lipschitz method for accelerated volume rendering , 1994, VVS '94.