Behavior of Molybdenum Nitrides as Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors Comparison with Ruthenium Oxide

Ruthenium oxide (RuO{sub 2}), formed as a thin film on a Ru or Ti metal substrate, exhibits a large specific (cm{sup {minus}2}) and almost constant, electrochemical capacitance over a 1.35 V range in aqueous H{sub 2}SO{sub 4}. This behavior has led to its investigation and use as a material for fabrication of supercapacitor devices. However, its cost has encouraged search for other materials exhibiting similar behavior. Work reported in the present paper evaluates two nitrides of Mo, Mo{sub 2}N and MoN, as substitutes for RuO{sub 2}. It is shown that very similar capacitance behavior to that of RuO{sub 2} films arises, e.g., in cyclic voltammetry and dc charging curves; in the former, almost mirror-image anodic and cathodic current-response profiles, characteristic of a capacitor, arise. However, the nitride materials have a substantially smaller voltage operating range of only some 0.7 V due to electrochemical decomposition above ca. 0.7 V vs. RHE. This limits their usefulness as a substitute for RuO{sub 2}. Of interest is that the nitride films exhibit potential-decay and potential-recovery on open circuit after respective charge and forced discharge. The decay and recovery processes are logarithmic in time, indicating the role of internal faradaic charge redistribution processes.