Direction of Arrival Estimation by Phased Arrays in RFID

In this paper we propose a direction of arrival esti- mation for a dual receive antenna RFID reader. In a strong line of sight environment, the phase shift on the elements of a receive ar- ray of the tag signal is utilised to estimate the direction of arrival of the tag. In RFID however, receive signals are impaired by a strong carrier leakage. The receive signal composition at each in- dividual receive antenna is modeled, and based on that model, the phase shift determination is presented. The proposed receiver is implemented on an FPGA of an RFID rapid prototyping environ- ment. Details about its implementation are given, and it is shown in an experimental evaluation by measurement, that the root of the averaged squared error over several position of the direction of arrival estimation is 3.3 ◦ with two antennas.

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