Stem cell therapy for acute myocardial infarction: Mesenchymal Stem Cells and induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

INTRODUCTION Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of death in the United States. The limited regenerative capacity of cardiomyocytes and the restricted contractility of scar tissue after AMI are not addressed by current pharmacologic interventions. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach due to their low antigenicity, ease of harvesting, and efficacy and safety in preclinical and clinical studies, despite their low survival and engraftment rates. Other stem cell types, such as induced pluripotent stem cells also show promise and optimizing cardiac repair requires integrating these emerging technologies and strategies. AREAS COVERED This review offers insights into advancing cell-based therapies for AMI, emphasizing meticulously planned trials with a standardized definition of AMI, for a bench-to-bedside approach. We critically evaluate fundamental studies and clinical trials to provide a comprehensive overview of the advances, limitations and prospects for stem cell therapy in AMI. EXPERT OPINION MSCs show undeniable promise for treating AMI, but addressing their low survival and engraftment rates is crucial for clinical success. Integrating emerging technologies and well-designed trials will harness MSC therapy's full potential in AMI management. Collaborative efforts are vital to developing effective stem cell therapies for AMI patients.