Square-wave cathodic stripping voltammetric analysis of RDX using mercury-film plated glassy carbon electrode.

A mercury film (MF) is prepared by an electrochemical deposition on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and employed for an analysis of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) using square-wave stripping voltammetry (SWSV). RDX was deposited at -0.15 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) for 120 s, then reduced at -0.7 V on the MF coated GCE(MFGCE). Optimal experimental conditions were searched and reported for the analysis. Two linear concentration ranges were observed: one in a lower RDX concentration range of 0.2-10 mg l(-1) and the other in a higher RDX concentration range of 10.0-100.0 mg l(-1) with a 120 s of pre-concentration time. At RDX concentrations of 2 and 8 mg l(-1), the relative standard deviations in measured concentrations (n=16) were 9.79 and 0.49%, respectively. The detection limit found to be 0.12 mg l(-1) with the 120 s accumulation time. The method was applied to determine RDX in several soil samples that yielded a relative error of 1% in the concentrations.

[1]  W. Buttner,et al.  In situ detection of trinitrotoluene and other nitrated explosives in soils , 1997 .

[2]  K R Rogers,et al.  Screen-printed voltammetric sensor for TNT. , 1998, Talanta.

[3]  K. Schorb,et al.  Trace detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in the gaseous phase by cyclic voltammetry 1 Dedicated to P , 1999 .

[4]  H. Dewald,et al.  Square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry of Zn(II) as a method for probing instabilities at a glassy carbon mercury film microelectrode , 1997 .

[5]  M. Walsh,et al.  Determination of nitroaromatic, nitramine, and nitrate ester explosives in soil by gas chromatography and an electron capture detector. , 2001, Talanta.

[6]  J. Luong,et al.  Determination of explosives in soil and ground water by liquid chromatography-amperometric detection. , 1999, Journal of chromatography. A.

[7]  David W. Conrad,et al.  Detection of TNT in Water Using an Evanescent Wave Fiber-Optic Biosensor , 1995 .

[8]  A. Marshall,et al.  Composition of explosives by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. , 2002, Analytical chemistry.

[9]  Tian,et al.  Voltammetry on microfluidic chip platforms , 2000, Analytical chemistry.

[10]  J. Yinon,et al.  Advances in Analysis and Detection of Explosives , 1993 .

[11]  J. Mo,et al.  Potentiometric stripping analysis of copper using cysteine modified mercury film electrode , 1998 .

[12]  P. Womble,et al.  Pulsed fast/thermal neutron analysis: a technique for explosives detection. , 2001, Talanta.

[13]  M. Baldo,et al.  The use of a remote stripping sensor for the determination of copper and mercury in the Lagoon of Venice , 2000 .

[14]  J H Luong,et al.  In‐line coupling capillary electrochromatography with amperometric detection for analysis of explosive compounds , 2000, Electrophoresis.

[15]  Wayne H. Griest,et al.  Trace Analysis of Explosives in Seawater Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography/Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry , 1998 .

[16]  J. Zen,et al.  Effect of model organic compounds on square-wave voltammetric stripping analysis at the Nafion/chelating agent mercury film electrodes , 1995 .

[17]  H H Hill,et al.  Analysis of explosives using electrospray ionization/ion mobility spectrometry (ESI/IMS). , 2000, Talanta.

[18]  K. Levsen,et al.  Determination of Explosives and Their Biodegradation Products in Contaminated Soil and Water from Former Ammunition Plants by Automated Multiple Development High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography , 1994 .

[19]  G. Zhang,et al.  Adsorptive voltammetric determination of copper with a benzoin oxime graphite paste electrode. , 1991, Talanta.

[20]  Peter T. Kissinger,et al.  Determination of nitro aromatic, nitramine, and nitrate ester explosive compounds in explosive mixtures and gunshot residue by liquid chromatography and reductive electrochemical detection , 1981 .

[21]  A W Kusterbeck,et al.  Explosives detection in soil using a field-portable continuous flow immunosensor. , 2001, Journal of hazardous materials.

[22]  A. Hilmi,et al.  Development of Electrokinetic Capillary Electrophoresis Equipped with Amperometric Detection for Analysis of Explosive Compounds , 1999 .

[23]  Lisa C. Shriver-Lake,et al.  On-site detection of explosives in groundwater with a fiber optic biosensor , 2000 .

[24]  Joseph H. Aldstadt,et al.  Selective determination of TNT in soil extracts by sequential injection spectrophotometry , 1999 .

[25]  H H Hill,et al.  Evaluation of suspected interferents for TNT detection by ion mobility spectrometry. , 2001, Talanta.

[26]  N. Kalogerakis,et al.  Application of solvent microextraction to the analysis of nitroaromatic explosives in water samples. , 2001, Journal of chromatography. A.

[27]  J. Pingarrón,et al.  Determination of micromolar bromate concentrations by adsorptive-catalytic stripping votammetry of the molybdenum-3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid complex. , 2001, Talanta.