Management of potato cyst nematodes with special focus on biological control and trap cropping strategies.

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN; Globodera spp.) are one of the most difficult pests of potato to manage worldwide. Indiscriminate use of pesticides and their hazardous effects discourage the use of many chemicals for the management of PCN. As a result, biological control agents and trap crops have received more attention from growers as safer ways to manage PCN. The biological control agents such as Pochonia chlamydosporia, Purpureocillium lilacinum, Trichoderma spp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus spp., Pasteuria spp., and others are recognized as potential candidates for the management PCN. Moreover recently, the use of the trap crop Solanum sisymbriifolium also showed promise by drastically reducing soil populations of PCN. Integration of these management strategies along with other practices including identification, conservation, and multiplication of native antagonists, will facilitate efficient management of the PCN in potato cropping system. Some of the promising research approaches that are being used against PCN are addressed in this review. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.