Studies on the properties of polypropylene/(waste tire dust)/kenaf (PP/WTD/KNF) composites with addition of phthalic anhydride (PA) as a function of KNF loading

The properties of polypropylene/(waste tire dust)/kenaf (PP/WTD/KNF) composites with the addition of phthalic anhydride (PA) as a function of KNF loading were studied. Composites containing constant PP and WTD compositions of 70 and 30 parts by weight per hundred parts of resin (phr), with various KNF loadings (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 phr), were prepared by using a Thermo‐Haake Polydrive internal mixer at a temperature of 180°C with a rotor speed of 50 rpm. The results showed that tensile strength and elongation at break decreased, while tensile modulus, stabilization torque, water absorption, and thermal stability increased with increased KNF loading. PP/WTD/KNF composites with PA showed higher tensile strength, tensile modulus, and water uptake but lower stabilization torque and elongation at break when compared with PP/WTD/KNF composites. Scanning electron microscopy morphological study on the tensile fractured surface proves that the interfacial adhesion between PP/WTD and KNF was enhanced with the addition of PA. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 20:193–200, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers

[1]  H. Ismail,et al.  Effect of Vinyl Alcohol-Phthalic Anhydride on Properties of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)/Tyre Dust (TD) Composites , 2012 .

[2]  H. Ismail,et al.  Properties of Tyre Dust-Filled Low Density Polyethylene Composites: The Effect of Phthalic Anhydride , 2012 .

[3]  W. Daud,et al.  COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES OF SODA PULPS FROM STALK, BAST AND CORE OF MALAYSIAN GROWN KENAF , 2011 .

[4]  H. Ismail,et al.  Tensile properties, swelling, and water absorption behavior of rice‐husk‐powder‐filled polypropylene/(recycled acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber) composites , 2011 .

[5]  H. Ismail,et al.  Mechanical properties, water absorption, and swelling behaviour of rice husk powder filled polypropylene/recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (PP/NBRr/RHP) biocomposites using silane as a coupling agent , 2011, BioResources.

[6]  H. Anuar,et al.  Improvement in mechanical properties of reinforced thermoplastic elastomer composite with kenaf bast fibre , 2011 .

[7]  E. S. Zainudin,et al.  Properties of Kenaf Filled Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Composites , 2011 .

[8]  A. Khalina,et al.  Rheological Behaviour of Polypropylene/Kenaf Fibre Composite: Effect of Fibre Size , 2011 .

[9]  H. Ismail,et al.  The Effects of Short Glass Fibre (SGF) Loading and a Silane Coupling Agent on Properties of Polypropylene/Waste Tyre Dust/Short Glass Fibre (PP/WTD/SGF) Composites , 2011 .

[10]  H. Ismail,et al.  The Effect of Isophorone Diisocyanate-Polyhydroxyl Groups Modified Water Hyacinth Fibers (Eichhornia Crassiper) on Properties of Low Density Polyethylene/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (LDPE/ABS) Composites , 2011 .

[11]  C. Hill,et al.  Silane coupling agents used for natural fiber/polymer composites: A review , 2010 .

[12]  H. Ismail,et al.  Kenaf Core Reinforced High-density Polyethylene/Soya Powder Composites: The Effects of Filler Loading and Compatibilizer , 2010 .

[13]  S. M. Zabihzadeh.  Water uptake and flexural properties of natural filler/HDPE composites , 2009, BioResources.

[14]  Jin Kuk Kim,et al.  Microcellular Structure of PP/Waste Rubber Powder Blends with Supercritical CO2 by Foam Extrusion Process , 2009 .

[15]  M. Misra,et al.  Chemical composition, crystallinity, and thermal degradation of bleached and unbleached kenaf bast (Hibiscus cannabinus) pulp and nanofibers , 2009, BioResources.

[16]  Chitsan Lin,et al.  Recycling waste tire powder for the recovery of oil spills , 2008 .

[17]  H. Ismail,et al.  Preparation and characterization of polypropylene/waste tyre dust blends with addition of DCP and HVA-2 (PP/WTDP-HVA2) , 2008 .

[18]  Jorge Luiz Colodette,et al.  Characterization of three non-product materials from a bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp mill, in view of valorising them as a source of cellulose fibres , 2008 .

[19]  J. Bonnet,et al.  Influence of various chemical treatments on the composition and structure of hemp fibres , 2008 .

[20]  R. Sun,et al.  Preparation of sugarcane bagasse cellulosic phthalate using an ionic liquid as reaction medium , 2007 .

[21]  G. Nando,et al.  Modification of Waste Polypropylene with Waste Rubber Dust from Textile Cot Industry and its Characterization , 2007 .

[22]  P. Christakopoulos,et al.  Kenaf xylan – A source of biologically active acidic oligosaccharides , 2006 .

[23]  M. Mariatti,et al.  Effect of compatibilisers on mechanical and thermal properties of bentonite filled polypropylene composites , 2006 .

[24]  A. A. Bakar,et al.  Effects of Chemical Modification of Paper Sludge Filled Polypropylene (PP)/Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Composites , 2005 .

[25]  P. Phinyocheep,et al.  Influence of compatibilizers on mechanical properties, crystallization, and morphology of polypropylene/scrap rubber dust blends , 2002 .

[26]  P. Aggarwal,et al.  Moisture adsorption behaviour of esterified rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis) , 2001, Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff.

[27]  J. Balatinecz,et al.  Surface characterization of esterified cellulosic fibers by XPS and FTIR Spectroscopy , 2001, Wood Science and Technology.

[28]  Ying Wang,et al.  The status of recycling of waste rubber , 2001 .

[29]  B. Adhikari,et al.  Reclamation and recycling of waste rubber , 2000 .