Guided Game-Based Learning Using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) can be used to design game-based learning systems for their excellent ability of concept representation and reasoning. However, they cannot 1) acquire new knowledge from data and 2) correct false prior knowledge, thus reducing the game-based learning ability. This paper utilizes Hebbian Learning Rule to solve the first problem and uses Unbalance Degree to solve the second problem. As a result, an improved FCM gains the ability of self-learning from both data and prior knowledge. The improved FCM, therefore, is intelligent enough to work as a teacher to guide the study process. Based on the improved FCM, a novel game-based learning model is proposed, including a teacher submodel, a learner submodel, and a set of game-based learning mechanisms. The teacher submodel has enough knowledge and intelligence to deduce the answers by the improved FCM. The learner submodel records students' study processes. The game-based learning mechanism realizes the guided game-based learning process with the support of the teacher submodel. A driving training prototype system is presented as a case study to present a way to realize a real system based on the proposed models. Extensive experimental results justify the model in terms of the controlling and guiding the study process of the student.

[1]  R.M.C. Garcia,et al.  Game based spelling learning , 2008, 2008 38th Annual Frontiers in Education Conference.

[2]  Igor Aleksander,et al.  Introduction to Neural Computing , 1990 .

[3]  Ralph Linsker,et al.  How to Generate Ordered Maps by Maximizing the Mutual Information between Input and Output Signals , 1989, Neural Computation.

[4]  David Crookall,et al.  Developing a Scientific Knowledge of Simulation/Gaming , 1998 .

[5]  Martin T. Hagan,et al.  Neural network design , 1995 .

[6]  Zhi-Qiang Liu,et al.  Contextual fuzzy cognitive map for decision support in geographic information systems , 1999, IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst..

[7]  Andreas S. Andreou,et al.  A new traversing and execution algorithm for Multilayered Fuzzy Cognitive Maps , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence).

[8]  Witold Pedrycz,et al.  Parallel Learning of Large Fuzzy Cognitive Maps , 2007, 2007 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks.

[9]  Wen-Chih Chang,et al.  Developing a prototype of Video Game-Based Learning environment , 2008, 2008 First IEEE International Conference on Ubi-Media Computing.

[10]  Paul Kearney,et al.  Cognitive assessment of game-based learning , 2007, Br. J. Educ. Technol..

[11]  Rynson W. H. Lau,et al.  A multi-server architecture for distributed virtual walkthrough , 2002, VRST '02.

[12]  Lih-Shyang Chen,et al.  Building a General Purpose Pedagogical Agent in a Web-Based Multimedia Clinical Simulation System for Medical Education , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies.

[13]  E.I. Papageorgiou,et al.  Two-stage learning algorithm for fuzzy cognitive maps , 2004, 2004 2nd International IEEE Conference on 'Intelligent Systems'. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04EX791).

[14]  A. Harry Klopf,et al.  A drive-reinforcement model of single neuron function , 1987 .

[15]  J. Brophy Teacher influences on student achievement. , 1986 .

[16]  Rynson W. H. Lau,et al.  On caching and prefetching of virtual objects in distributed virtual environments , 1998, MULTIMEDIA '98.

[17]  A H. Klopf,et al.  The Drive-Reinforcement Neuronal Model: A Real-Time Learning Mechanism For Unsupervised Learning , 1988, Photonics West - Lasers and Applications in Science and Engineering.

[18]  Shinhong Kim,et al.  A case-based reasoning approach to cognitive map-driven tacitknowledge management , 2000 .

[19]  Massoud Moussavi A Case-Based Approach to Knowledge Management , 1999 .

[20]  S. Tobias Interest, Prior Knowledge, and Learning , 1994 .

[21]  Maiga Chang,et al.  Game-Based Learning Scenes Design for Individual User in the Ubiquitous Learning Environment , 2008, Edutainment.

[22]  Marc Prensky,et al.  Digital game-based learning , 2000, CIE.

[23]  Bart Kosko,et al.  Fuzzy Engineering , 1996 .