Microfabricated nickel-based electrodes for high-power battery applications

High-surface area, three-dimensional (3D) microstructures are designed and fabricated by the sequential electroplating of sacrificial and structural layers in a photoresist mold. A conformal coating of electrochemically deposited nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) films on these MEMS-enabled multilayer structures enabled the formation of functional electrodes for electrochemical energy storage devices. The characterization of the electrodes is performed galvanostatically at various charge and discharge rates. Electrodes with a varying number of laminations are shown to yield areal capacities from 0.1 to 5.2 mAh cm–2. Power characteristics of the electrodes are determined by applying ultra-high charge rates of up to 120 C. At this high charge rate, the electrode is able to deliver 90% of its capacity.

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