Effect of drill machine operating speed on quality of sowing and biomass yield

The paper is focused on the study and evaluation of quality of the seeding of seeds and its effect on the biomass yield. The aim was to evaluate the space arrangement of the seeds by using of polygon method on one field with the repetition for different forward speeds of the drill machine. For the evaluation there were used digital photographs, which were taken during repeated measurements of the each value of the forward speed after sprouting of crop. These images have been used in order to determine the shape and size of the surface area belonging to the plant. Own software TfPolyM was used for the image analysis. The shape of the polygons belonging to the individual plants was expressed by values of the shape factor Tf. This factor characterises the suitability the shape of polygon surface related to the individual plant. By comparing of the values of the shape factors for different forward speeds of the drill machine we can determine the optimal value of the forward speed from the point of seed placement uniformity in horizontal level. During harvest of the crop there was analysed the variability of the biomass yield in relation to values of the forward speed used during seeding. The most suitable values of shape factor Tf (0.8519) was recorded for speed of drill machine set on 12 km h. For other tested speeds 8, 10, 15 km h were recorded lower values of shape factor 0.7994, 0.8173 and 0.8449, respectively. In determination of biomass production for drill machine speed 12 km h the greatest yield from 1 m was observed. Subsequently, for speeds 8 and 10 km h was lower about 4.26% and 1.83%, respectively. For tested speeds of drill machinery 15 km h and above was observed only a small descent of yields about 0.6%. Fluctuation in yields affected by working speed then demonstrates fluctuation in sowing rate. It was also observed that the working speed of sowing machinery also affect the amount of yield directly. However, in case of lowest yield of straw recorded it was observed even 20% decrease in yield of grains.

[1]  Hans W. Griepentrog,et al.  A Specification for an Autonomous Crop Production Mechanization System , 2007 .

[2]  Avital Bechar,et al.  Agricultural robots for field operations. Part 2: Operations and systems , 2017 .

[3]  T. Rusu,et al.  Implications of minimum tillage systems on sustainability of agricultural production and soil conservation , 2009 .

[4]  G. Botta,et al.  Tillage and traffic effects (planters and tractors) on soil compaction and soybean (Glycine max L.) yields in Argentinean pampas , 2010 .

[5]  I. Ahmad,et al.  A comparison of conservation technologies and traditional techniques for sowing of wheat. , 2012 .

[6]  George Attard.  Update and expand the scope of biosystems engineering programs of studies placing emphasis in the areas of bio-fuels, bio-materials and quality of products in Malta , 2008 .

[7]  Hans W. Griepentrog.  Zur Bewertung der Flächenverteilung von Saatgut , 1999 .

[8]  Jin Tong,et al.  Soil Adhesion and Biomimetics of Soil-engaging Components: a Review , 2001 .

[9]  S. Marić,et al.  Grain yield components of winter wheat new cultivars in correlation with sowing rate , 2000 .

[10]  Rama Chellappa,et al.  Estimation and choice of neighbors in spatial-interaction models of images , 1983, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[11]  B. Gerowitt,et al.  The importance of climate, site and management on weed vegetation in oilseed rape in Germany , 2011 .

[12]  J. Weiner,et al.  Competitive effect is a linear function of neighbour biomass in experimental populations of Kochia scoparia , 2006 .

[13]  D. Sparkes,et al.  A review of the potential for competitive cereal cultivars as a tool in integrated weed management , 2015, Weed research.

[14]  P. Carr,et al.  Tillage and Seeding Rate Effects on Wheat Cultivars , 2003 .

[15]  W. Schillinger.  Tillage Method and Sowing Rate Relations for Dryland Spring Wheat, Barley, and Oat , 2005 .

[16]  M. Nørremark,et al.  Seed Mapping of Sugar Beet , 2005, Precision Agriculture.

[17]  Atsuyuki Okabe,et al.  Generalized network Voronoi diagrams: Concepts, computational methods, and applications , 2008, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[18]  M. Callaway.  A compendium of crop varietal tolerance to weeds , 1992 .

[19]  Anil K. Jain,et al.  Texture segmentation using Voronoi polygons , 1988, Proceedings CVPR '88: The Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[20]  H. Søgaard,et al.  Instrumentation and method for high accuracy geo-referencing of sugar beet plants , 2007 .

[21]  J. Arvidsson,et al.  Early sowing - a system for reduced seedbed preparation in Sweden. , 2000 .

[22]  Bhagirath S. Chauhan,et al.  Weed management using crop competition in the United States: A review , 2017 .

[23]  N. B. McLaughlin,et al.  Soil management effects on planting and emergence of no-till corn. , 1996 .

[24]  Avital Bechar,et al.  Agricultural robots for field operations: Concepts and components , 2016 .

[25]  Hans W. Griepentrog,et al.  Design of a seeder to achieve highly uniform sowing patterns. , 2005 .

[26]  R. Froud-Williams,et al.  The Interrelationships of Winter Wheat Cultivars, Crop Density and Competition of Naturally Occurring Weed Flora , 2004 .

[27]  J. Zarajczyk,et al.  Assessment of the influence of selected operating parameters of S071/B KRUK seeder on seeding Sida hermaphrodita Rusby seeds** , 2006 .

[28]  Guilherme Torres,et al.  SEED-ORIENTED PLANTING IMPROVES LIGHT INTERCEPTION, RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY AND GRAIN YIELD OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.)* , 2016, Experimental Agriculture.

[30]  Seeder with Different Seeding Apparatus in Maize Sowing , 2015 .

[31]  Nicholas E. Korres,et al.  Cultivars to face climate change effects on crops and weeds: a review , 2016, Agronomy for Sustainable Development.