Quantitative Comparison of Two-photon and Three-photon Activity Imaging of GCaMP6s-labeled Neurons in vivo in the Mouse Brain

We show that 1300-nm three-photon imaging of GCaMP6s-labeled neurons achieves stronger signal and superior signal-to-background ratio in deep mouse brain when compared to 920-nm two-photon imaging, using the same pulse energy at the brain surface.