Universally-composable finite-key analysis for efficient four-intensity decoy-state quantum key distribution

Practical BB84 quantum key distribution has been proposed by utilizing attenuated lasers combined with the decoy-state technique. However, there is a big gap in performance between asymptotic and finite-data settings due to statistical fluctuation. Here, we propose a four-intensity decoy-state protocol with three nonzero intensities in only one basis. Compared to conventional three-intensity decoy-state protocols, our protocol has an additional intensity as a free variable to optimize the deviations caused by statistical fluctuation. We perform numerical simulations with full optimization to make a comparison with the existing three-intensity decoy-state protocols with biased basis choice. According to the simulation result, larger maximum transmission distance and higher secure key rates can be achieved with our protocol. The performance of quantum key distribution is highly improved especially when the number of detected pulses is small. Our protocol might play a key role in the coming ground-satellite quantum key distribution.

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