ANALYTICAL STUDY OF EXHAUST POLLUTANTS, FUEL CONSUMPTION AND AVAILABLE FUEL CONSUMPTION REDUCTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR PETROL AND DIESEL VEHICLES - A REVIEW

The effects of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption on petrol and diesel vehicles during stop/restart condition, idling condition, small roundabout, different road conditions and traffic signals are reviewed. The vehicle idling conditions and different accessories effect such as electrical light effects, air conditioning, heater, music system, and refrigerator etc. have major impact on the fuel consumption and emission pollutants. The effects of idling on consumption of fuel and exhaust pollutants of diesel vehicles and heavy duty trucks are studied and exhaust emissions are 16500 gm per hour, 86.4 gm per hour, 5130 gm per hour, 4 gm per hour and 375 gm per hour for carbon dioxide (CO 2), unburnt hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NO X) respectively. The rate of consumption of fuel during idling is 1.85gal/hr. The fuel cells, thermal storage systems, auxiliary power unit (APU), truck stop electrification, and direct fire heater techniques are studied to reduce the idling of trucks. The study reveals that fuel consumption of vehicle is a strong function of idling speed. The study indicates that the rise of vehicle speed from 600 to 1100 rpm leads to more carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen pollutants and consumption of fuel up to 150% whereas hydrocarbon and particulate matter exhaust pollutants increase by 70% and 100% respectively. The direct and indirect measurement on the different cities, stoppages and signals has done in Delhi corresponding to the different capacity of vehicles. It is found that while waiting for the red signal turn into green, 98% drivers do not switch off the vehicle engine. There are more than 600 signal intersections in Delhi in which daily wastage of fuel due to idling of vehicles is 0.37 million kg of compressed natural gas, gasoline of 0.13 million and the overall losses are Rs. 27.25 million per day and Rs. 9944.5 million per year.

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