Endogenous and Exogenous Regulation and Control of Physiological Systems

INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGICAL REGULATORS AND CONTROL SYSTEMS Introduction Physiology and Physiological Regulation Defined The Purposes of Modeling Some General Properties of PRCs Some General Properties of Linear, Time-Varying, and Nonlinear Systems Parametric Control Chapter Summary PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS GOVERNING THE BEHAVIOR OF PRCS Introduction Behavior of Fluidic Systems Under Laminar Flow Conditions Diffusion Dynamics and Fick's First Law Mass-Action Kinetics in Chemical Systems Chapter Summary Introduction to SISO Control Systems and Systems with Delays Introduction Conventional Controllers for Linear Plants with Real Poles The Use of Root Locus in Linear Control System Design Some Tests for Stability in Linear and Certain Classes of Nonlinear Systems Linear Closed-Loop Systems with Delay Stability Problems Chapter Summary INTRODUCTION TO COMPARTMENTAL MODELING AND PHARMACOKINETIC SYSTEMS Introduction Basic Compartmental Analysis The Use of Washout Curves and Bolus Inputs to Identify the Parameters of Simple CPK Systems Overview of Drug Input controllers Chapter Summary SPECIAL TYPES OF CLOSED-LOOP DRUG INPUT CONTROLLERS Introduction Design of ON/OFF, Limit-Cycling Controllers for CPK/P Systems Nonlinear Decoupling Controllers for Two Input/Two-Output CPK Systems Integral Pulse Frequency Modulation (IPFM) Bolus Controllers Introduction to Nonlinear, Parameter Switching Controllers Chapter Summary Hormonal Regulation of Sodium, Potassium, and Calcium Ions Introduction Implicit Summing Points in Hormonal Regulation Introduction to the Physiology of the Kidneys The Regulation of Plasma Sodium Ion Concentration and Osmolarity Regulation of Plasma Potassium Ions by the Aldosterone System Calcium Ion Regulation Magnesium Ion Regulation Chapter Summary REGULATION OF BLOOD GLUCOSE Introduction Molecules Important in Normoglycemic Regulation The Normal Blood Glucose Regulation System A Model for Normal Blood Glucose Regulation The Cobelli and Mari Model for Glucoregulation Diabetes Mellitus Exogenous Glucoregulation: The Artificial Beta Cell Chapter Summary CONTROL OF MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE BY SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE INJECTION Introduction The Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics of Sodium Nitroprusside MAP/SNP Controllers Using PI Processing and Smith Delay Compensation Adaptive and Self-Tuning Controllers for MAP Chapter Summary CONTROL OF POST-OPERATIVE PAIN BY SELF-ADMINISTERED OPIOIDS Introduction The Neurophysiological and Pharmacological Basis for Pain The PCA System of Reasbeck and Jacobs The PCA Model of Liu and Northrop Chapter Summary THE HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM SEEN FROM A BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING VIEWPOINT Introduction Immune System Cells Antigen Presentation Immunocytokines, Their Sources, Effects, and Targets Apoptosis in the Immune System The Art of Mathematically Modeling Scenarios in the Immune System Chapter Summary SOME SIMULATION PACKAGES SUITABLE FOR MODELING NONLINEAR SYSTEMS