Road users’ strategies and communication: driver-pedestrian interaction

The aim of this paper is to describe pedestrians’ road-crossing strategies, drivers’ strategies applied to situations involving pedestrians crossing the road, and their mutual communication (formal and informal), and to describe their encounters. Risk strategies and risky combinations of different strategies are identified. Risk and protective factors on the part of both pedestrians and drivers are described. Conflict situations are analysed and the causal nexus of events leading to such traffic conflicts is described. The conclusions are interpreted in the context of the traffic environment. Exploration of pedestrians’ and drivers’ attitudes and behaviour is summarised using focus group analysis. In this paper the outcomes of the focus groups are presented and discussed.

[1]  A Várhelyi,et al.  Drivers' speed behaviour at a zebra crossing: a case study. , 1998, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[2]  Christer Hydén,et al.  Effekten av generell hastighetsdämpning i tätort. Resultat av ett storskaligt försök i Växjö. I. Huvudrapport , 1995 .

[3]  T. Rothengatter.  Normative behaviour is unattractive if it is abnormal: relationships between norms, attitudes and traffic law , 1991 .

[4]  Emilio Moyano Díaz.  Theory of planned behavior and pedestrians' intentions to violate traffic regulations , 2002 .

[5]  T Bjornskau.  Why are the 'safest' norms, attitudes and types of behaviour not typical for the safest drivers? , 1996 .

[6]  Barbara A. Gutek,et al.  Bureaucratic Encounters: A Pilot Study in the Evaluation of Government Services , 1975 .

[7]  R Kulmala,et al.  An application of logit models in analysing the behaviour of pedestrians and car drivers on pedestrian crossings. , 1988, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[8]  J G Hunt,et al.  DELAYS AT PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS. 1. SITE OBSERVATIONS AND THE INTERPRETATION OF DATA , 1984 .

[9]  R Risser,et al.  WALCYNG: HOW TO ENHANCE WALKING AND CYCLING INSTEAD OF SHORT CAR TRIPS AND TO MAKE THESE MODES SAFER , 1998 .

[10]  E Pasanen.  The video recording of traffic accidents , 1993 .

[11]  Gerald J.S. Wilde,et al.  Social Interaction Patterns in Driver Behavior: An Introductory Review , 1976 .

[12]  E Pasanen,et al.  DRIVING SPEEDS AND PEDESTRIAN SAFETY: A MATHEMATICAL MODEL , 1992 .

[13]  L. Ross.  The Intuitive Psychologist And His Shortcomings: Distortions in the Attribution Process1 , 1977 .

[14]  Sven Dahlstedt.  THE SARTRE TABLES: OPINIONS ABOUT TRAFFIC AND TRAFFIC SAFETY OF SOME EUROPEAN DRIVERS , 1994 .

[15]  黒田 孝次,et al.  Highway Capacity Manual改訂の動向--テイラ-教授の講演より , 1984 .

[16]  G Helmers,et al.  DRIVER BEHAVIOUR AT INTERSECTIONS AS RELATED TO PRIORITY RULES AND ROAD DESIGN. AN EXPLORATORY STUDY , 1978 .

[17]  L. Ross,et al.  The “false consensus effect”: An egocentric bias in social perception and attribution processes , 1977 .

[18]  D M Zaidel,et al.  A modeling perspective on the culture of driving. , 1992, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[19]  K Rumar,et al.  The basic driver error: late detection. , 1990, Ergonomics.

[20]  Gunilla Björklund.  Driver Interaction : Informal Rules, Irritation and Aggressive Behaviour , 2005 .