Detection of enterotoxin-coding genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospitalized patients using a multiplex-PCR method

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a pathogen in community-acquired or hospital infections. Hence, the identification of this pathogen in clinical samples is a health concern and demands continued surveillance and close monitoring. In the current study, S. aureus strains were isolated from various clinical specimens in the Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Samples were studied to discover S. aureus enterotoxin-coding genes A (sea), B (seb), C (sec), and D (sed). It was found that 21% enterotoxigenic S. aureus harbored sea gene, 39% were carried seb gene, 37% were positive for sec-gene, and 3% were carried sed gene. None of all S. aureus strains harbored more than one of the enterotoxigenic genes. Based on the data obtained from the current study, it could be suggested that seb and sec genes are good candidates for the identification of S. aureus in clinical specimens. Further investigations are required to discover the association between these genes and the pathogenicity of this bacteria, and finally using these data in clinical settings.

[1]  L. Chow,et al.  Multiplex PCR for the simultaneous detection of the SEA, SEB, SEC, SED and SEE genes of enterotoxigenic staphylococcus aureus , 2020 .

[2]  J. Osek,et al.  Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus on Farms with Small Scale Production of Raw Milk Cheeses in Poland , 2016, Toxins.

[3]  A. Asgari,et al.  Resistant Strains of Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus; Unknown Risk for Multiple Sclerosis Exacerbation , 2015, Iranian Red Crescent medical journal.

[4]  S. Kazmi,et al.  Detection of genes for superantigen toxins in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates in Karachi. , 2014, Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP.

[5]  B. Ozer,et al.  Investigation of toxin genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in Mustafa Kemal University Hospital , 2011, Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences.

[6]  M. Argudín,et al.  Food Poisoning and Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxins , 2010, Toxins.

[7]  M. Memariani,et al.  High Prevalence of SEA Gene Among Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in Tehran , 2009 .

[8]  B. Boynukara,et al.  Evolution of slime production by coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterotoxigenic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from various human clinical specimens. , 2007, Journal of medical microbiology.

[9]  G. Ackermann,et al.  Prevalence of Enterotoxin Producing Staphylococcus aureus in Stools of Patients with Nosocomial Diarrhea , 2007, Infection.

[10]  Y. Hara-Kudo,et al.  Rapid detection of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus harbouring genes for four classical enterotoxins, SEA, SEB, SEC and SED, by loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assay , 2007, Letters in applied microbiology.

[11]  Vance G Fowler,et al.  Daptomycin versus standard therapy for bacteremia and endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. , 2006, The New England journal of medicine.

[12]  M. Medina.  Development of a fluorescent latex microparticle immunoassay for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). , 2006, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[13]  H. Migdadi,et al.  Enterotoxicity and genetic variation among clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Jordan. , 2006, Journal of medical microbiology.

[14]  S. Pillai,et al.  Emergence of a Clinical Daptomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolate during Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia and Osteomyelitis , 2006, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[15]  Alex van Belkum,et al.  The role of nasal carriage in Staphylococcus aureus infections. , 2005, The Lancet. Infectious diseases.

[16]  M. Krönke,et al.  Frequency of toxic shock syndrome toxin- and enterotoxin-producing clinical isolates ofStaphylococcus aureus , 2005, European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

[17]  M. Efuntoye,et al.  Enterotoxigenicity and drug sensitivity of staphylococci from children aged five years and below with sporadic diarrhoea. , 2004, East African Medical Journal.

[18]  A. Friedrich,et al.  Prevalence of Genes Encoding Pyrogenic Toxin Superantigens and Exfoliative Toxins among Strains of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Blood and Nasal Specimens , 2003, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[19]  M. Gilmore,et al.  Clonal Associations among Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Various Sites of Infection , 2001, Infection and Immunity.

[20]  Gehua Wang,et al.  Multiplex PCR for Detection of Genes forStaphylococcus aureus Enterotoxins, Exfoliative Toxins, Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1, and Methicillin Resistance , 2000, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[21]  J. Steinberg,et al.  Nosocomial and community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteremias from 1980 to 1993: impact of intravascular devices and methicillin resistance. , 1996, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[22]  Edet E Udo,et al.  Nasal carriage of enterotoxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus among restaurant workers in Kuwait City , 1996, Epidemiology and Infection.

[23]  M. C. Lourenço,et al.  Nosocomial occurrence of enterotoxigenic multiresistant Staphylococcus strains in Rio de Janeiro. , 1996, Revista latinoamericana de microbiologia.

[24]  A. Adesiyun,et al.  Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical and non-clinical human sources in Trinidad: susceptibility to bacteriophages and antimicrobial agents, and toxigenicity. , 1995, Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie : international journal of medical microbiology.

[25]  V. Rosdahl,et al.  No difference in enterotoxin production among Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from blood compared with strains isolated from healthy carriers. , 1995, Journal of medical microbiology.

[26]  R. Gaynes,et al.  An overview of nosocomial infections, including the role of the microbiology laboratory , 1993, Clinical Microbiology Reviews.

[27]  A. Adesiyun,et al.  Phage susceptibility, enterotoxigenicity and antibiograms of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from human wounds and diarrhoea. , 1992, Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie : international journal of medical microbiology.

[28]  A. Wieneke,et al.  The use of a sandwich ELISA for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin A in foods from outbreaks of food poisoning , 1985, Journal of Hygiene.

[29]  M. Rivas,et al.  [Enterotoxigenicity and biochemical features of strains of Staphylococcus aureus of different origins ]. , 1985, Revista Argentina de Microbiología.

[30]  M. Bergdoll,et al.  Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in foods , 1982, Applied and environmental microbiology.