Wide-field retinal hemodynamic imaging with the tracking scanning laser ophthalmoscope.

Real time, high-speed image stabilization with a retinal tracking scanning laser ophthalmoscope (TSLO) enables new approaches to established diagnostics. Large frequency range (DC to 19 kHz), wide-field (40-deg) stabilized Doppler flowmetry imaging was demonstrated in initial human subject tests. The fundus imaging method is a quasi-confocal line-scanning laser ophthalmoscope (LSLO). The retinal tracking system uses a confocal reflectometer with a closed loop optical servo system to lock onto features in the ocular fundus and automatically re-lock after blinks. By performing a slow scan with the laser line imager, frequency-resolved retinal perfusion and vascular flow images were obtained free of eye motion artifacts. Normal adult subjects and patients were tested with and without mydriasis to characterize flow imaging performance.

[1]  A. Elsner,et al.  Deep retinal vascular anomalous complexes in advanced age-related macular degeneration. , 1996, Ophthalmology.

[2]  G Michelson,et al.  Principle, Validity, and Reliability of Scanning Laser Doppler Flowmetry , 1996, Journal of glaucoma.

[3]  J. Nelson,et al.  Characterization of fluid flow velocity by optical Doppler tomography. , 1995, Optics letters.

[4]  Teresa C. Chen,et al.  In vivo dynamic human retinal blood flow imaging using ultra-high-speed spectral domain optical Doppler tomography , 2003 .

[5]  John Magill,et al.  Image stabilization for scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. , 2002, Optics express.

[6]  J. Izatt,et al.  Imaging and velocimetry of the human retinal circulation with color Doppler optical coherence tomography. , 2000, Optics letters.

[7]  G. Michelson,et al.  Functional imaging of the retinal microvasculature by scanning laser Doppler flowmetry. , 2001 .

[8]  J. D. Briers,et al.  Speckle fluctuations and biomedical optics: implications and applications , 1993 .

[9]  T G van Leeuwen,et al.  High-flow-velocity and shear-rate imaging by use of color Doppler optical coherence tomography. , 1999, Optics letters.

[10]  J D Briers,et al.  Capillary Blood Flow Monitoring Using Laser Speckle Contrast Analysis (LASCA). , 1999, Journal of biomedical optics.

[11]  J. Briers,et al.  Flow visualization by means of single-exposure speckle photography , 1981 .

[12]  Hitoshi Fujii,et al.  Real-time visualization of retinal microcirculation by laser flowgraphy , 1995 .

[13]  Toyoichi Tanaka,et al.  Blood Velocity Measurements in Human Retinal Vessels , 1974, Science.

[14]  B L Petrig,et al.  Retinal laser Doppler velocimetry: toward its computer-assisted clinical use. , 1988, Applied optics.

[15]  R. Nossal,et al.  Model for laser Doppler measurements of blood flow in tissue. , 1981, Applied optics.

[16]  Daniel X Hammer,et al.  Compact scanning laser ophthalmoscope with high-speed retinal tracker. , 2003, Applied optics.

[17]  J. Izatt,et al.  In vivo bidirectional color Doppler flow imaging of picoliter blood volumes using optical coherence tomography. , 1997, Optics letters.

[18]  Dennis Gabor,et al.  Laser speckle and its elimination , 1970 .