Geothermal Energy Use, Country Update for Denmark

The first geothermal plant in Denmark based on deep wells was established in 1984 in Thisted and later expanded to produce up to 7 MW heat from 200 m3/h of 44 °C, 15 % saline geothermal water with production from and reinjection in Gassum sandstone at 1.25 km depth. The second geothermal plant situated in Copenhagen started production in 2005 designed to produce up to 14 MW heat from 235 m3/h of 73 °C, 19 % saline geothermal water from Bunter sandstone at 2.6 km depth. A new geothermal plant in Sonderborg is designed to produce up to 12 MW heat from 350 m3/h of 48 °C, 15 % saline geothermal water from Gasum sandstone at 1.2 km depth. It is inaugurated 2013 and it has produced the first heat. The heat is transferred to district heating networks using absorption heat pumps with LiBr on all three geothermal plants. The driving heat comes from biomass boilers with or without associated power production. Several more projects all over the country are at different levels of maturation. Preliminary plans exist to erect a geothermal plant in Copenhagen with 11 wells of which some of the production wells may be prepared for long term heat storage. Such a plant is expected designed to extract around 64 MW from 1000 m3/h geothermal water. Alternative heat pump concepts are considered including absorption heat pumps and compressor based heat pumps using ammonia or an ammonia/water mixture (hybrid heat pump). The heating plan for Copenhagen includes an option to install 400 MW geothermal heating capacity. The number of smaller heat pumps extracting heat from ground water and topsoil has been assessed to around 27,000 with an average COP of around 3 and a total heat production at around 2-3 PJ/year.