How to guide lubricants – Tailored laser surface patterns on stainless steel

Abstract In this experimental study, periodic line-like structures with different periodicities (5, 10, 19, and 300 μm) and structural depths (approximately 1 and 4 μm) were fabricated on stainless steel samples (AISI-304) by short-pulse laser interference and ultrashort-pulse laser patterning. A detailed characterization of the resulting surface topography was performed by white light interferometry and scanning electron microscopy. The spreading dynamics of additive-free synthetic polyalphaolefine oil on a polished reference sample are compared to laser patterned surfaces. These studies are conducted using a newly developed test rig, which allowed for controlled temperature gradients and a precise recording of the spreading dynamics of lubricants on sample surfaces. It could be demonstrated that the spreading velocity parallel to the surface pattern is higher for all samples which can be explained by increased capillary forces and liquid pinning induced by the surface patterning. Furthermore, a decline of the spreading velocity over time for all samples and orientations is clearly visible which can be traced back to a viscosity increase induced by the temperature gradient and a reduced droplet volume. For parallel orientation, the experimental findings are in good agreement with the Lucas–Washburn equation and established models.

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