Die elastisch stabile intramedulläre Nagelung bei instabilen kindlichen Unterarmschaftfrakturen.

Hintergrund Unterarmfrakturen zahlen mit ca. 23% zu den haufigsten Frakturformen bei Kindern. Liegt eine Diskontinuitat beider Unterarmknochen im mittleren Drittel vor, spricht man von einer Unterarmschaftfraktur. Fur die Behandlung von Unterarmschaftfrakturen bei Kindern stehen im wesentlichem zwei Therapiemoglichkeiten zur Verfugung. Dies ist zum einen die konservative Behandlung durch Reposition und Gips, zum anderen die elastisch stabile intramedullare Nagelung (ESIN). Entscheidende Voraussetzung fur die Therapiewahl ist die Einschatzung, ob es sich um eine stabile oder instabile Fraktur handelt. Da die Reposition und Gipsretention in der Ambulanz oder im Operationssaal durchgefuhrt werden kann, stehen drei verschiedene Moglichkeiten zur Behandlung instabiler Frakturen zur Auswahl: Reposition und Gipsretention durchgefuhrt in der Ambulanz Reposition und Gipsretention durchgefuhrt im Operationssaal (um in gleicher Narkose auf ein operatives Verfahren oder ESIN umsteigen zu konnen) oder primare Behandlung mit ESIN im Operationssaal. Ziele Fur diese drei Behandlungsstrategien bei instabilen Unterarmschaftfrakturen soll fur diesen Health Technology Assessment (HTA)-Bericht eine systematische Darstellung der Effektivitat im Hinblick auf die internationale Datenlage durchgefuhrt werden. Besonders wichtig erscheint dabei die Bewertung hinsichtlich objektiver Parameter wie radiologisch nachgewiesener Achsknicke, Bewegungseinschrankungen und Anzahl notiger Repositionen als auch subjektiver Parameter wie Beeintrachtigungen im taglichen Leben. Weiterhin soll neben der medizinischen Effektivitat auch eine gesundheitsokonomische Bewertung erfolgen, die sich auf die Kosten der unterschiedlichen Vorgehensweisen beziehen soll. Methoden Zur Erschliesung des Datenmaterials wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche in den gangigen medizinischen und okonomischen Literaturdatenbanken sowie HTA-Datenbanken und der Cochrane Datenbank durchgefuhrt. Ergebnisse Im vorliegenden HTA-Bericht konnten drei Kohortenstudien und sieben Fallserien identifiziert werden. Kontrollierte, klinische Studien, systematische Ubersichtsarbeiten bzw. HTA-Berichte mit Inhalten fur die Beantwortung der Fragestellung dieses HTA-Berichts wurden nicht identifiziert. Die identifizierten Studien unterschieden sich teilweise bezuglich der Indikationsstellung, der Studienpopulation und der Behandlungsstrategien, so dass ein Vergleich der Ergebnisse nur bedingt erfolgen konnte. In der Mehrzahl der Falle berichteten die Publikationen uber eine erfolgreiche Konsolidierung der Fraktur durch ESIN als primare Intervention. In den drei Kohortenstudien gab es keine Unterschiede von auftretenden Bewegungseinschrankungen bei mit ESIN behandelten gegenuber konservativ behandelten Patienten. Publikationen, die sich mit gesundheitsokonomischen Aspekten der ESIN bei instabilen kindlichen Unterarmschaftfrakturen auseinandersetzen, konnten in der Literaturrecherche nicht identifiziert werden. In einer eigenen Kostenerhebung zu direkten medizinischen Kosten verschiedener Behandlungsstrategien konnte gezeigt werden, dass im Vergleich der drei Behandlungsstrategien bei komplikationslosem Verlauf, die Durchfuhrung einer ESIN zur Therapie instabiler kindlicher Unterarmschaftfrakturen sowohl bei ambulanter als auch bei stationarer Leistungserbringung mit hoheren Kosten verbunden ist. Schlussfolgerungen Nach der gegenwartigen Studienlage gibt es nur wenig Evidenz fur die Uberlegenheit von einer ESIN bei kindlichen Unterarmschaftfrakturen gegenuber der konservativen Therapie. Bei der Durchfuhrung der Therapie werden durch ESIN unter Annahme eines komplikationslosen Verlaufs sowohl bei ambulanter als auch bei stationarer Leistungserbringung mehr Kosten verursacht als bei konservativer Therapie. Da jedoch bei konservativer Behandlung oft keine Stabilisierung der Fraktur erreicht wird, werden hierdurch weitere Interventionen notwendig, die eine Belastung fur den Patienten darstellen und kostenintensiver sind.

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