Versatile LED Drivers for Various Electronic Ballasts by Variable Switched Capacitor

An LED driver compatible with various electronic ballasts that are currently commercially used is newly proposed, which adopts a variable switched capacitor by controlling the switching duty cycle for LED power regulation. The resonant frequency of an LC resonant tank of electronic ballasts can be changed, which makes the proposed LED driver versatile for electronic ballasts for various switching frequencies. In this way, the fluorescent lamp is replaced with an LED lamp, where the electronic ballast in the lighting infrastructure remains unchanged. The zero voltage switching is applied for the variable switched capacitor in the electronic ballast, operating at a frequency of 30-60 kHz. Neither an inductor nor a transformer is introduced in the proposed LED driver, which leads to compact size and high efficiency. Furthermore, no electrolytic capacitor is used, which is beneficial for the long lifetime of LED drivers. A prototype LED driver of 16 W was implemented and verified for the three types of electronic ballasts that are most popular in markets. The LED power was well regulated for a wide range of the source voltage variations between 180 and 270 V, and the power efficiencies of the proposed LED driver were 95.8%, 96.1%, and 94.1% for the instant start, rapid start, and programmed start types of the electronic ballasts, respectively.

[1]  F.T. Wakabayashi,et al.  Model for Electrodes' Filaments of Hot Cathode Fluorescent Lamps, During Preheating With Constant rms Current , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[2]  Wei Yan,et al.  Comparison of Dimmable Electromagnetic and Electronic Ballast Systems—An Assessment on Energy Efficiency and Lifetime , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[3]  Byunghun Lee,et al.  Robust Passive LED Driver Compatible With Conventional Rapid-Start Ballast , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[4]  Henry Shu-hung Chung,et al.  An LED Lamp Driver Compatible With Low- and High-Frequency Sources , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[5]  G. Deboy,et al.  A low-size multi-power-level single-transistor ballast for low pressure fluorescent lamps, using a piezoelectric transformer , 2004, Conference Record of the 2004 IEEE Industry Applications Conference, 2004. 39th IAS Annual Meeting..

[6]  Pankaj K. Sen,et al.  Compact Fluorescent Lamps and Their Effect on Power Quality and Application Guidelines , 2010, 2010 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[7]  B. Singh,et al.  PFC Cuk converter based electronic ballast for an 18 W compact fluorescent lamp , 2010, 2010 5th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems.

[8]  R. Zane,et al.  Electronic Ballast Control IC With Digital Phase Control and Lamp Current Regulation , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[9]  M. Ponce,et al.  Analysis and design considerations for very high frequency self-oscillating electronic ballasts , 2010, 12th IEEE International Power Electronics Congress.

[10]  Aiguo Patrick Hu,et al.  Implicit adaptive controller for wireless power pickups , 2011, 2011 6th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications.

[11]  S.Y. Hui,et al.  Design and analysis of an IC-less self-oscillating series resonant inverter for dimmable electronic ballasts , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[12]  Chun-Taek Rim,et al.  Transformers as equivalent circuits for switches: general proofs and D-Q transformation-based analyses , 1990 .

[13]  J. Huh,et al.  Narrow-Width Inductive Power Transfer System for Online Electrical Vehicles , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[14]  Gyu-Hyeong Cho,et al.  Phasor transformation and its application to the DC/AC analyses of frequency phase-controlled series resonant converters (SRC) , 1990 .

[15]  John Boys,et al.  A practical 1.2kW Inductive Power Transfer lighting system using AC processing controllers , 2011, 2011 6th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications.

[16]  최재영,et al.  LED driver compatible with electronic ballast = 전자식 안정기 호환 LED 드라이버 , 2013 .

[17]  Chun T. Rim,et al.  Temperature-robust LC3 LED driver with low THD, high efficiency, and long life , 2014, 2014 International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC-Hiroshima 2014 - ECCE ASIA).

[18]  A.P. Hu,et al.  Improved power flow control for contactless moving sensor applications , 2004, IEEE Power Electronics Letters.

[19]  Gyu-Hyeong Cho,et al.  Mixed Mode Excitation and Low Cost Control IC for Electronic Ballast , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[20]  J.L.F. Vieira,et al.  Single stage self-oscillating HPF electronic ballast , 2005 .

[21]  Henry Shu-Hung Chung,et al.  A Driving Technology for Retrofit LED Lamp for Fluorescent Lighting Fixtures With Electronic Ballasts , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[22]  Jiann-Fuh Chen,et al.  Design and implementation of retrofit LED lamp for fluorescent lamp driven by electronic, electromagnetic ballast and AC mains , 2013, 2013 1st International Future Energy Electronics Conference (IFEEC).

[23]  Ray-Lee Lin,et al.  Analysis and Design of Self-Oscillating Full-Bridge Electronic Ballast for Metal Halide Lamp at 2.65-MHz Operating Frequency , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[24]  Jason E. James,et al.  A variable inductor based tuning method for ICPT pickups , 2005, 2005 International Power Engineering Conference.

[25]  F.S.D. Reis,et al.  The influence of programmed start ballast in T5 fluorescent lamp lifetime , 2005, 31st Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2005. IECON 2005..

[26]  C. T. Rim,et al.  Dynamics Characterization of the Inductive Power Transfer System for Online Electric Vehicles by Laplace Phasor Transform , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[27]  Jong-Lick Lin,et al.  Novel Single-Stage Self-Oscillating Dimmable Electronic Ballast With High Power Factor Correction , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[28]  A.P. Hu,et al.  A Wireless Battery-less Computer Mouse with Super Capacitor Energy Buffer , 2007, 2007 2nd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications.

[29]  Kwyro Lee,et al.  A Current-Sourced LED Driver Compatible With Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[30]  Gyu-Hyeong Cho,et al.  A control IC for electronic ballast with mixed-mode excitation , 2004, 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37551).

[31]  T. F. Lin,et al.  Electronic ballast for programmed rapid-start fluorescent lamps , 2001, 4th IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems. IEEE PEDS 2001 - Indonesia. Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8594).

[32]  Viboon Chunkag,et al.  Improvement of self-oscillating electronic ballast with high power factor: A combination of charged-pump and valley-fill , 2011, 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems.

[33]  B. L. Hesterman,et al.  A novel parallel-resonant programmed start electronic ballast , 1999, Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370).

[34]  Fred C. Lee,et al.  Self-oscillating electronic ballast with dimming control , 2001, 2001 IEEE 32nd Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37230).

[35]  J.M. Alonso,et al.  Electronic ballast based on class E amplifier with a capacitive inverter and dimming for photovoltaic applications , 1998, APEC '98 Thirteenth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.

[36]  Hung-Liang Cheng,et al.  Single-Stage Single-Switch High-Power-Factor Electronic Ballast for Fluorescent Lamps , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[37]  Chin Chang,et al.  Voltage-fed half-bridge resonant converter for multiple lamp independent operation , 2001, Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 36th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37248).

[38]  Paul S. Martin,et al.  Illumination with solid state lighting technology , 2002 .

[39]  Gyu-Hyeong Cho,et al.  New approach to analysis of quantum rectifier-inverter , 1989 .

[40]  Marian K. Kazimierczuk,et al.  Low-voltage self-oscillating class E electronic ballast for fluorescent lamps , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems.

[41]  R. Lin,et al.  2.65-MHz Self-Oscillating Electronic Ballast With Constant-Lamp-Current Control for Metal Halide Lamp , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[42]  Gyu-Hyeong Cho,et al.  Static and dynamic analyses of three-phase rectifier with LC input filter by laplace phasor transformation , 2012, 2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE).

[43]  Wang Xiao-yan,et al.  Difference of GB 1 7625.1-2003 《Electromagnetic Compatibility-Limits-Limits for Harmonic Current Emissions (Equipment Input Current Per Phase≤16A)》 , 2003 .

[44]  Tsai-Fu Wu,et al.  High-efficiency low-stress electronic dimming ballast for multiple fluorescent lamps , 1999 .

[45]  A.P. Hu,et al.  Switching Frequency Analysis of Dynamically Detuned ICPT Power Pick-ups , 2006, 2006 International Conference on Power System Technology.

[46]  Wei Xiong,et al.  A universal programmed start dimming ballast platform , 2012, 2012 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[47]  Henry Shu-hung Chung,et al.  A driving technology for retrofit LED lamp for fluorescent lighting fixtures with electronic ballasts , 2010, 2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

[48]  C. T. Rim,et al.  Unified General Phasor Transformation for AC Converters , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.