Performance Study of Congestion Price based Adaptive Service

In a network with enhancements for QoS support, pricing of network services based on the level of service, usage, and congestion provides a natural and equitable incentive for applications to adapt their sending rates according to network conditions. In this paper, we first propose a dynamic, congestion-sensitive pricing algorithm, and also develop the demand behavior of adaptive users based on a physically reasonable user utility function. We then develop a simulation framework to compare the performance of a network supporting congestion-sensitive pricing and adaptive reservation to that of a network with a static pricing policy. We also study the stability of the dynamic pricing and reservation mechanisms, and the impact of various network control parameters. The results show that the congestionsensitive pricing system takes advantage of application adaptivity to achieve significant gains in network availability, revenue, and user-perceived benefit relative to the fixed-price policy. Congestion-based pricing is stable and effective in limiting utilization to a targeted level. Users with different demand elasticity are seen to share bandwidth fairly, with each user having a bandwidth share proportional to its relative willingness to pay for bandwidth. The results also show that even a small proportion of adaptive users may result in a significant performance benefit and better service for the entire user population both adaptive and non-adaptive users. The performance improvement given by the congestion-based adaptive policy further improves as the network scales and more connections share the resources.

[1]  Olivier Verscheure,et al.  Perceptual quality measure using a spatiotemporal model of the human visual system , 1996, Electronic Imaging.

[2]  M. Angela Sasse,et al.  Evaluating Audio and Video Quality in Low-Cost Multimedia Conferencing Systems , 1996, Interact. Comput..

[3]  Henning Schulzrinne,et al.  Adaptive reservation: a new framework for multimedia adaptation , 2000, 2000 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. ICME2000. Proceedings. Latest Advances in the Fast Changing World of Multimedia (Cat. No.00TH8532).

[4]  Scott Shenker,et al.  Specification of Guaranteed Quality of Service , 1997, RFC.

[5]  Daniel P. Siewiorek,et al.  On quality of service optimization with discrete QoS options , 1999, Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium.

[6]  Henning Schulzrinne,et al.  RNAP: A Resource Negotiation and Pricing Protocol , 1999 .

[7]  Hong Jiang,et al.  A pricing model for high speed networks with guaranteed quality of service , 1996, Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM '96. Conference on Computer Communications.

[8]  Lixia Zhang,et al.  Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) - Version 1 Functional Specification , 1997, RFC.

[9]  Kathleen Nichols,et al.  Differentiated Services Operational Model and Definitions , 1998 .

[10]  Douglas S. Reeves,et al.  Distributed network flow control based on dynamic competitive markets , 1998, Proceedings Sixth International Conference on Network Protocols (Cat. No.98TB100256).

[11]  Ralf Steinmetz,et al.  An embedded charging approach for RSVP , 1998, 1998 Sixth International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQoS'98) (Cat. No.98EX136).

[12]  Scott Shenker,et al.  Integrated Services in the Internet Architecture : an Overview Status of this Memo , 1994 .

[13]  Fred Baker,et al.  Assured Forwarding PHB Group , 1999, RFC.

[14]  ZhangHui,et al.  Comparison of rate-based service disciplines , 1991 .

[15]  Peter B. Danzig,et al.  Comparison of measurement-based admission control algorithms for controlled-load service , 1997, Proceedings of INFOCOM '97.

[16]  Srinivasan Keshav,et al.  Comparison of rate-based service disciplines , 1991, SIGCOMM '91.

[17]  Giuseppe Bianchi,et al.  On utility-fair adaptive services in wireless networks , 1998, 1998 Sixth International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQoS'98) (Cat. No.98EX136).

[18]  Kang G. Shin,et al.  QoS negotiation in real-time systems and its application to automated flight control , 1997, Proceedings Third IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium.

[19]  Van Jacobson,et al.  An Expedited Forwarding PHB , 1999, RFC.

[20]  Donald F. Ferguson,et al.  An economy for flow control in computer networks , 1989, IEEE INFOCOM '89, Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.

[21]  John Wroclawski,et al.  Specification of the Controlled-Load Network Element Service , 1997, RFC.

[22]  J. A. Adam.  Upgrading the Internet , 1995 .

[23]  Nikolaos Anerousis,et al.  A Framework for Pricing Virtual Circuit and Virtual Path Services in ATM Networks , 1997 .

[24]  Jakka Sairamesh.  Economic paradigms for information systems and networks , 1997 .

[25]  Abdelhakim Hafid,et al.  A quality of service negotiation procedure for distributed multimedia presentational applications , 1996, Proceedings of 5th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing.

[26]  Henning Schulzrinne,et al.  An integrated resource negotiation, pricing, and QoS adaptation framework for multimedia applications , 2000, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[27]  Henning Schulzrinne,et al.  Comparison of Adaptive Internet Multimdia Applications , 1999 .

[28]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Pricing in computer networks: motivation, formulation, and example , 1993, TNET.

[29]  B. Stiller,et al.  A Practical Review of Pricing and Cost Recovery for Internet Services , 1999 .