Zeonex-based asymmetrical terahertz photonic crystal fiber for multichannel communication and polarization maintaining applications.

We report on the design, in-depth analysis, and characterization of a novel elliptical array shaped core rectangular shaped cladded photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for multichannel communication and polarization maintaining applications of terahertz waves. The asymmetrical structure of air holes in both core and cladding results in increased birefringence, while a compact geometry and different cladding air hole size makes the dispersion characteristic flat. The modal characteristics of the PCF are calculated using a finite element method. The simulated results show a near-zero dispersion flattened property of ±0.02  ps/THz/cm, high birefringence of 0.063, low effective material loss of 0.06  cm-1, and negligible confinement loss of 5.45×10-13  cm-1 in the terahertz frequency range. Additionally, the core power fraction, effective area, physical attributes, and potential fabrication possibilities of the fiber are discussed.

[1]  Md. Anwar Sadath,et al.  Novel porous fiber based on dual-asymmetry for low-loss polarization maintaining THz wave guidance. , 2016, Optics letters.

[2]  K. Kawase,et al.  Non-destructive terahertz imaging of illicit drugs using spectral fingerprints. , 2003, Optics express.

[3]  Ja-Yu Lu,et al.  Low-loss subwavelength THz plastic fibers , 2006, 2006 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2006 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference.

[4]  Xi-Cheng Zhang,et al.  T-Ray Sensing and Imaging , 2003 .

[5]  Felicity Cox,et al.  Fabrication and study of microstructured optical fibers with elliptical holes. , 2004, Optics letters.

[6]  Henry Du,et al.  Solid-core photonic crystal fiber as a Raman spectroscopy platform with a silica core as an internal reference. , 2006, Optics letters.

[7]  E. Pickwell‐MacPherson,et al.  Terahertz pulsed spectroscopy of freshly excised human breast cancer. , 2009, Optics express.

[8]  Oleg Mitrofanov,et al.  Silver/polystyrene-coated hollow glass waveguides for the transmission of terahertz radiation. , 2007, Optics letters.

[9]  Brian K. Decker,et al.  Quantitative THz Spectroscopy of Explosive Materials , 2005 .

[10]  B. Fischer,et al.  Experimental investigation of dispersion properties of THz porous fibers , 2009, 2009 34th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves.

[11]  Derek Abbott,et al.  A Novel Approach for Spectroscopic Chemical Identification Using Photonic Crystal Fiber in the Terahertz Regime , 2018, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[12]  Michael Nagel,et al.  Metallic slit waveguide for dispersion-free low-loss terahertz signal transmission , 2007 .

[13]  Derek Abbott,et al.  Terahertz dielectric waveguides , 2013 .

[14]  Derek Abbott,et al.  Low loss, low dispersion and highly birefringent terahertz porous fibers , 2008, 0807.4354.

[15]  Peng Zhou,et al.  Elliptical Hollow Fiber With Inner Silver Coating for Linearly Polarized Terahertz Transmission , 2013, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[16]  Libo Yuan,et al.  Design and numerical analysis of a THz square porous-core photonic crystal fiber for low flattened dispersion, ultrahigh birefringence. , 2017, Applied optics.

[17]  S. M. Abdur Razzak,et al.  Polarization-maintaining low-loss porous-core spiral photonic crystal fiber for terahertz wave guidance. , 2016, Applied optics.

[18]  Low Loss and Low Dispersion Fiber for Transmission Applications in the Terahertz Regime , 2017, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[19]  Eng Leong Tan,et al.  Implementations of PMC and PEC Boundary Conditions for Efficient Fundamental ADI- and LOD-FDTD , 2010 .

[20]  Derek Abbott,et al.  Special Issue on T-Ray Imaging, Sensing, and Retection , 2007, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[21]  J. Mullins.  Using unusable frequencies [solid-state terahertz laser] , 2002 .

[22]  Alexander Argyros,et al.  Transmission of terahertz radiation using a microstructured polymer optical fiber. , 2008, Optics letters.

[23]  P. Siegel.  Terahertz Technology , 2001 .

[24]  Derek Abbott,et al.  THz porous fibers: design, fabrication and experimental characterization. , 2009, Optics express.

[25]  Christos Markos,et al.  Zeonex microstructured polymer optical fiber: fabrication friendly fibers for high temperature and humidity insensitive Bragg grating sensing , 2017 .

[26]  Christos Markos,et al.  A Novel Low-Loss Diamond-Core Porous Fiber for Polarization Maintaining Terahertz Transmission , 2016, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[27]  Iwao Hosako,et al.  Analysis of calcium carbonate for differentiating between pigments using terahertz spectroscopy , 2009 .

[28]  Tanya M. Monro,et al.  3D-printed extrusion dies: a versatile approach to optical material processing , 2014 .

[29]  Kirill I. Zaytsev,et al.  In vivo terahertz spectroscopy of pigmentary skin nevi: Pilot study of non-invasive early diagnosis of dysplasia , 2015 .

[30]  Derek Abbott,et al.  Near-zero dispersion flattened, low-loss porous-core waveguide design for terahertz signal transmission , 2017 .

[31]  Derek Abbott,et al.  Ultra low-loss hybrid core porous fiber for broadband applications. , 2017, Applied optics.

[32]  R. Gatenby,et al.  Beyond mammography: new frontiers in breast cancer screening. , 2013, The American journal of medicine.

[33]  E. Pickwell‐MacPherson,et al.  Terahertz pulsed imaging of freshly excised human colonic tissues , 2011, Physics in medicine and biology.

[34]  Joo-Hiuk Son,et al.  Toward Clinical Cancer Imaging Using Terahertz Spectroscopy , 2017, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[35]  Qiang Xu,et al.  Fabrication and Characteristics of Elliptical-Holes and near Elliptical Core Hexangular Lattice Photonic Crystal Fibers Based on Polymer , 2011 .

[36]  Mohammad Faisal,et al.  Porous core photonic crystal fibre for ultra-low material loss in THz regime , 2016, IET Commun..

[37]  Masahiro Goto,et al.  Teflon Photonic Crystal Fiber as Terahertz Waveguide , 2004 .

[38]  Kawsar Ahmed,et al.  Ultrahigh birefringence, ultralow material loss porous core single-mode fiber for terahertz wave guidance. , 2017, Applied optics.

[39]  Jian Liang,et al.  High-birefringence, low-loss porous fiber for single-mode terahertz-wave guidance. , 2013, Applied optics.

[40]  E. Linfield,et al.  Terahertz Pulsed Imaging of Skin Cancer in the Time and Frequency Domain , 2003, Journal of biological physics.

[41]  Shuting Fan,et al.  The potential of terahertz imaging for cancer diagnosis: A review of investigations to date. , 2012, Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery.

[42]  Y. Namihira,et al.  Light source design using Kagome-lattice hollow core photonic crystal fibers , 2014 .

[43]  Raonaqul Islam,et al.  Extremely High-Birefringent Asymmetric Slotted-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber in THz Regime , 2015, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[44]  Derek Abbott,et al.  Design and characterization of a low-loss, dispersion-flattened photonic crystal fiber for terahertz wave propagation , 2017 .

[45]  Saiful Islam,et al.  Extremely low-loss, dispersion flattened porous-core photonic crystal fiber for terahertz regime , 2016 .

[46]  Tanya M Monro,et al.  Extrusion of complex preforms for microstructured optical fibers. , 2007, Optics express.

[47]  Derek Abbott,et al.  High numerical aperture, highly birefringent novel photonic crystal fibre for medical imaging applications , 2018 .

[48]  P. Planken,et al.  Terahertz dielectric properties of polystyrene foam , 2002 .

[49]  Kanglin Wang,et al.  Metal wire waveguides for broadband terahertz pulses , 2004, The 17th Annual Meeting of the IEEELasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2004. LEOS 2004..

[50]  Derek Abbott,et al.  Extremely low material loss and dispersion flattened TOPAS based circular porous fiber for long distance terahertz wave transmission , 2017 .

[51]  Mohammad Tausiful Islam,et al.  Highly birefringent elliptical core photonic crystal fiber for terahertz application , 2018 .

[52]  Withawat Withayachumnankul,et al.  T-Ray Imaging, Sensing, and Retection , 2007 .

[53]  Cyril C. Renaud,et al.  Advances in terahertz communications accelerated by photonics , 2016, Nature Photonics.

[54]  Maksim Skorobogatiy,et al.  Ferroelectric all-polymer hollow bragg fibers for terahertz guidance , 2007 .

[55]  R H Clothier,et al.  Effects of THz Exposure on Human Primary Keratinocyte Differentiation and Viability , 2003, Journal of biological physics.

[56]  Jin Huang,et al.  Design of Highly Birefringent and Low-Loss Oligoporous-Core THz Photonic Crystal Fiber With Single Circular Air-Hole Unit , 2016, IEEE Photonics Journal.