Scaffolds for Hard Tissue Engineering by Ionotropic Gelation of Alginate-Influence of Selected Preparation Parameters

Cylindrical constructs with parallel aligned pores were prepared by using ionotropic gelation of alginate/calcium phosphate hydroxyapatite (HAP) mixtures in regard to applications as scaffold for bone regeneration. The starting powder and stabilizing agents were characterized by measurement of electrosonic amplitude, particle size distribution, and specific surface. The shrinkage of the gels was investigated in dependence on the drying methods. The pore size relied on preparation conditions such as amount of HAP and concentrations of gelling agent or alginate sol. A wide field of pore sizes could be fabricated by varying the kind and concentration of additives. Micro computer tomography-investigations of freeze dried scaffolds demonstrated the pore progression over a length of 4 mm. The pore dimension and structure were adequate for cell seeding and blood capillary ingrowth. Biocompatibility was proven by in vitro experiments with human mesenchymal stem cells by fluorescence microscopy. A high stability of the wet gels was maintained under cell culture conditions for a period of 3 weeks.

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