Type Raising, Functional Composition, and Non-Constituent Conjunction

A very striking feature of the system of categorial grammar in Ades and Steedman (1982) and Steedman (1985), which differentiates it from most other current work in categorial grammar as well as from related theories like Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar (Gazdar et al., 1985), is its appeal to the operation of functional composition as a highly general rule of natural language grammars: Steedman and Ades include in their grammars not only the familiar functional application rule (1) but also the functional composition rule (2) (for which their term is partial combination):

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