Visual Impact Assessment in Benefit Cost Analysis

Civil engineering projects generally change the visual environment. Complete benefit cost analysis (BCA) should include the visual costs and benefits, which tend to be nonpriced. Methods are available for measuring the physical and psychological aspects of visual impacts. Methods are also available for estimating the monetary value of those impacts for BCA. This paper reviews the visual impact problem and methods for measuring and valuing visual impact. Limitations and biases of BCA are also reviewed.

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