Influence of temperature on the persistence of chlorpyrifos and chlorfenvinphos in sterile and natural mineral and organic soils

Abstract Chlorpyrifos and chlorfenvinphos persistences were examined (concentration ‐ 10 μg/g) in sterile and natural mineral (sandy loam) and organic (muck) soils at 4 moisture levels; air‐dry, and 20, 40 and 60% of moisture holding capacity at 28°C. Chlorpyrifos was fairly stable in sterile soils, with ca. 50% remaining at the end of the 24 wk experiment. In natural soils, chlorpyrifos disappeared most rapidly from air‐dry soil; slightly less rapidly from the 3 moist soils. Chlorfenvinphos was fairly stable in sterile soils, with >50% remaining at 24 wk at all moisture levels. In natural soils chlorfenvinphos, in contrast to chlorpyrifos, was more stable in air‐dry soils. In moist loam the disappearance rates of chlorfenvinphos were similar for all 3 moisture levels; but in moist muck its disappearance was proportional to the moisture content. “Cis”; (ca 10% of the technical material) and “trans”; chlorfenvinphos disappeared at the same rate in sterile soils. In natural soils the “cis”; isomer disappear...

[1]  D. Pimentel,et al.  The Use and Significance of Pesticides in the Environment.@@@Pesticides, Contemporary Roles in Agriculture, Health, and Environment. , 1981 .

[2]  J. Miles,et al.  Persistence of eight organophosporus insecticides in sterile and non-sterile mineral and organic soils , 1979, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[3]  N. S. Talekar,et al.  Persistence of some insecticides in subtropical soil. , 1977, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[4]  D. L. Suett.  Persistence and degradation of chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, disulfoton, phorate and pirimiphos-ethyl following spring and late-summer soil application , 1975 .

[5]  W. J. Farmer,et al.  Volatility of Organochlorine Insecticides from Soil: I. Effect of Concentration, Temperature, Air Flow Rate, and Vapor Pressure , 1972 .

[6]  C. Tu.  Effect of Four Organophosphorus Insecticides on Microbial Activities in Soil , 1970, Applied microbiology.

[7]  G. T. Brooks,et al.  Selective Metabolism of Cyclodiene Insecticide Enantiomers by Pig Liver Microsomal Enzymes , 1968, Nature.

[8]  M. Alexander,et al.  Introduction to Soil Microbiology , 1962 .

[9]  C. R. Harris,et al.  Factors Affecting the Volatilization of Insecticidal Residues from Soils , 1961 .

[10]  James P. Martin.  USE OF ACID, ROSE BENGAL, AND STREPTOMYCIN IN THE PLATE METHOD FOR ESTIMATING SOIL FUNGI , 1950 .

[11]  E. B. Fred,et al.  A TENTATIVE OUTLINE OF THE PLATE METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE NUMBER OF MICRO‐ORGANISMS IN THE SOIL , 1922 .

[12]  J. Miles,et al.  Persistence and mobility of nitrofen (niclofen, TOK) in mineral and organic soils. , 1982, Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes.

[13]  R. Chapman,et al.  Persistence of five pyrethroid insecticides in sterile and natural, mineral and organic soil , 1981, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[14]  J. Miles,et al.  A laboratory study of the persistence of carbofuran and its 3-hydroxy- and 3 keto-metabolites in sterile and natural mineral and organic soils. , 1981, Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes.

[15]  J. Miles,et al.  Interactions between insecticides and soil microbes. , 1976, Residue reviews.

[16]  L. Richardson.  A Simple Culture Tube Closure Method for Prevention of Contamination by Airborne Fungi and Mites , 1975 .

[17]  D. H. Hutson,et al.  The metabolism and degradation of vinyl phosphate insecticides. , 1973, Residue reviews.

[18]  C. Goring,et al.  Organic chemicals in the soil environment , 1972 .

[19]  R. Menzer,et al.  Degradation of disulfoton and phorate in soil influenced by environmental factors and soil type , 1970, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[20]  C. Edwards.  Insecticide residues in soils , 1966 .

[21]  S. Waksman.  Principles of Soil Microbiology , 1928, Nature.