Non-Rayleigh Scattering by a Randomly Oriented Elongated Scatterer Randomly Located in a Beam

The echo statistics of a randomly rough, randomly oriented prolate spheroid that is randomly located in the beampattern are investigated from physics-based principles both analytically and numerically. This is a direct-path geometry in which reflections from neighboring boundaries are not a factor. The statistics and, in particular, the tails of the probability density function (pdf) and probability of false alarm (PFA) are shown to be strongly non-Rayleigh and a strong function of shape of scatterer. The tails are shown to increase above that associated with a Rayleigh distribution with increasing degree of elongation (aspect ratio) of the scatterer and when roughness effects are introduced. And, as also shown in previous studies, the effects associated with the scatterer being randomly located in the beam contribute to the non-Rayleigh nature of the echo.

[1]  Emil Wolf,et al.  Principles of Optics: Contents , 1999 .

[2]  Timothy K Stanton,et al.  Echo statistics of individual and aggregations of scatterers in the water column of a random, oceanic waveguide. , 2014, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[3]  A. T. Hoop.  Handbook of radiation and scattering of waves , 1995 .

[4]  R. D. Spence,et al.  The Scattering of Sound from a Prolate Spheroid , 1951 .

[5]  Aarnout Brombacher,et al.  Probability... , 2009, Qual. Reliab. Eng. Int..

[6]  Athanasios Papoulis,et al.  Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes , 1965 .

[7]  Francois Le Chevalier,et al.  Principles of Radar and Sonar Signal Processing , 2002 .

[8]  Carl Eckart,et al.  The Scattering of Sound from the Sea Surface , 1953 .

[9]  Dezhang Chu,et al.  Sound scattering by rough elongated elastic objects. II: Fluctuations of scattered field , 1992 .

[10]  B. B. Bauer,et al.  Fundamentals of acoustics , 1963 .

[11]  J. Walkup,et al.  Statistical optics , 1986, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.

[12]  G. Duclos.  New York 1987 , 2000 .

[13]  D.A. Abraham.  The Effect of Multipath on the Envelope Statistics of Bottom Clutter , 2007, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering.

[14]  Robert J. Beaver,et al.  An Introduction to Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics , 1977 .

[15]  Eric Jakeman,et al.  Modeling fluctuations in scattered waves , 2006 .

[16]  J. Ehrenberg,et al.  A method for extracting the fish target strength distribution from acoustic echoes , 1972 .

[17]  Walter L. Smith.  Probability and Statistics , 1959, Nature.

[18]  Thomas B. A. Senior,et al.  Electromagnetic and acoustic scattering by simple shapes (Revised edition) , 1987 .

[19]  Timothy K. Stanton,et al.  Non-Rayleigh Scattering by a Randomly Oriented Elongated Scatterer Randomly Located in a Beam , 2015 .

[20]  T. Stanton,et al.  Non-Rayleigh acoustic scattering characteristics of individual fish and zooplankton , 2004, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering.

[21]  John A. Roumeliotis,et al.  Electromagnetic Scattering by a Metallic Spheroid Using Shape Perturbation Method , 2007 .

[22]  Dezhang Chu,et al.  Statistics of echoes from a directional sonar beam insonifying finite numbers of single scatterers and patches of scatterers. , 2009 .

[23]  Timothy K. Stanton,et al.  Sound scattering by rough elongated elastic objects. III. Experiment , 1993 .

[24]  M. Degroot,et al.  Probability and Statistics , 2021, Examining an Operational Approach to Teaching Probability.