Design and self-assembly of two-dimensional DNA crystals

Molecular self-assembly presents a ‘bottom-up’ approach to the fabrication of objects specified with nanometre precision. DNA molecular structures and intermolecular interactions are particularly amenable to the design and synthesis of complex molecular objects. We report the design and observation of two-dimensional crystalline forms of DNA that self-assemble from synthetic DNA double-crossover molecules. Intermolecular interactions between the structural units are programmed by the design of ‘sticky ends’ that associate according to Watson–Crick complementarity, enabling us to create specific periodic patterns on the nanometre scale. The patterned crystals have been visualized by atomic force microscopy.

[1]  E. O. Bregman,et al.  The Present Status. , 1926 .

[2]  K. Abromeit.  Music Received , 2023, Notes.

[3]  A. C. Chang,et al.  Construction of biologically functional bacterial plasmids in vitro. , 1973, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[4]  J. Wang,et al.  Helical repeat of DNA in solution. , 1979, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[5]  A. Klug,et al.  Helical periodicity of DNA determined by enzyme digestion , 1980, Nature.

[6]  N. Seeman.  Nucleic acid junctions and lattices. , 1982, Journal of theoretical biology.

[7]  R C Haddon,et al.  The molecular electronic device and the biochip computer: present status. , 1985, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[8]  N C Seeman,et al.  Three-arm nucleic acid junctions are flexible. , 1986, Nucleic acids research.

[9]  Gerber,et al.  Atomic Force Microscope , 2020, Definitions.

[10]  B H Robinson,et al.  The design of a biochip: a self-assembling molecular-scale memory device. , 1987, Protein engineering.

[11]  N. Seeman,et al.  The ligation and flexibility of four‐arm DNA junctions , 1988, Biopolymers.

[12]  G. C. Shephard,et al.  Tilings and Patterns , 1990 .

[13]  N. Seeman.  De novo design of sequences for nucleic acid structural engineering. , 1990, Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics.

[14]  N. Seeman,et al.  Synthesis from DNA of a molecule with the connectivity of a cube , 1991, Nature.

[15]  G. Whitesides,et al.  Molecular self-assembly and nanochemistry: a chemical strategy for the synthesis of nanostructures. , 1991, Science.

[16]  C. Siegerist,et al.  Reproducible Imaging and Dissection of Plasmid DNA Under Liquid with the Atomic Force Microscope , 1992, Science.

[17]  K. Dill,et al.  Inverse protein folding problem: designing polymer sequences. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[18]  W. Shaiu,et al.  Visualization of circular DNA molecules labeled with colloidal gold spheres using atomic force microscopy , 1993 .

[19]  Wen-Ling Shaiu,et al.  Atomic force microscopy of oriented linear DNA molecules labeled with 5nm gold spheres , 1993, Nucleic Acids Res..

[20]  N. Seeman,et al.  DNA double-crossover molecules. , 1993, Biochemistry.

[21]  N. Seeman,et al.  Construction of a DNA-Truncated Octahedron , 1994 .

[22]  L M Adleman,et al.  Molecular computation of solutions to combinatorial problems. , 1994, Science.

[23]  C R Cantor,et al.  Oligonucleotide-directed self-assembly of proteins: semisynthetic DNA--streptavidin hybrid molecules as connectors for the generation of macroscopic arrays and the construction of supramolecular bioconjugates. , 1994, Nucleic acids research.

[24]  R R Breaker,et al.  A DNA enzyme that cleaves RNA. , 1994, Chemistry & biology.

[25]  Neocles B. Leontis,et al.  Bulged 3-arm DNA branched junctions as components for nanoconstruction , 1994 .

[26]  N. Leontis,et al.  Refinement of the solution structure of a branched DNA three-way junction. , 1995, Biophysical journal.

[27]  K. Dill,et al.  Designing amino acid sequences to fold with good hydrophobic cores. , 1995, Protein engineering.

[28]  N. Kleckner,et al.  Identification of double holliday junctions as intermediates in meiotic recombination , 1995, Cell.

[29]  Richard J. Lipton,et al.  DNA based computers : proceedings of a DIMACS workshop, April 4, 1995, Princeton University , 1996 .

[30]  Richard J. Lipton,et al.  DNA Based Computers , 1996 .

[31]  J. SantaLucia,et al.  Improved nearest-neighbor parameters for predicting DNA duplex stability. , 1996, Biochemistry.

[32]  P. Schultz,et al.  Organization of 'nanocrystal molecules' using DNA , 1996, Nature.

[33]  C. S. Tung,et al.  NAMOT2 - a redesigned nucleic acid modeling tool: construction of non-canonical DNA structures , 1996, Comput. Appl. Biosci..

[34]  N. Seeman,et al.  Antiparallel DNA Double Crossover Molecules As Components for Nanoconstruction , 1996 .

[35]  J. Storhoff,et al.  A DNA-based method for rationally assembling nanoparticles into macroscopic materials , 1996, Nature.

[36]  N C Seeman,et al.  A DNA decamer with a sticky end: the crystal structure of d-CGACGATCGT. , 1997, Journal of molecular biology.

[37]  E. Braun,et al.  DNA-templated assembly and electrode attachment of a conducting silver wire , 1998, Nature.

[38]  DNA Based Computers, Proceedings of a DIMACS Workshop, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA, June 14-15, 1999 , 2000, DNA Based Computers.