Classical Natural Deduction

In the tradition which considers formal logic as an organon of thought a central role has been played by the “method of analysis”, which amounts to what today, in computer science circles, is called a “bottom-up” or “goaloriented” procedure. Though the method was largely used in the mathematical practice of the ancient Greeks, its fullest description can be found in Pappus (3rd century A.D.), who writes:

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