Virtual reality: The non-temporal cartographic animation and the urban (large) scale projects

The evolution of digital technology has placed cartography in a dialog on questions concerning the new abilities, its form and prospective. The cartographic presentation in three dimensions has as a basic feature: the simulation with the “natural” ability of understanding the space.One of the problems that arose in virtual environments refers to the use of scale in relation to the analysis and the study of space. This relation of geographic analysis and cartographic tools is strictly defined in traditional cartography, but in the virtual cartographic environment the rules of optical understanding and measurement of space are defined by an arbitrary free moving of the sight, that prescribes the natural vision and therefore the perception of the specific space.In close relation with the cartographic motion is the cartographic visualization of the time and the relevant techniques: splitting of time, creation of motion frames, timing, rapidity, motion pattern, etc.The specific work describes, through specific examples that focus mainly on urban areas, methodological and technical approaches concerning the concept of time and scale problems in virtual cartography, but mainly contributes in the ongoing scientific dialogue concerning the theoretical documentation of Virtual Cartography.Finally,we regard Computational Intelligence as a comprehensive and effective algorithmic platform for mechanisms of Virtual Reality.

[1]  Michael P. Peterson,et al.  Interactive and Animated Cartography , 1995 .

[2]  Robin Liggett,et al.  Interactive Design/Decision Making in a Virtual Urban World: Visual Simulation and GIS , 1995 .

[3]  Danny Dorling,et al.  Stretching Space and Splicing Time: From Cartographic Animation to Interactive Visualization , 1992 .

[4]  De Blij,et al.  The Earth: An Introduction to its Physical and Human Geography , 1994 .

[5]  Alan M. MacEachren,et al.  Exploratory cartographic visualization: advancing the agenda , 1997 .

[6]  Penny Masuoka,et al.  Time-series animation techniques for visualizing urban growth , 1997 .

[7]  A. Robinson Elements of Cartography , 1953 .

[8]  Theresa-Marie Rhyne,et al.  Going virtual with geographic information and scientific visualization , 1997 .

[9]  Alan M. MacEachren,et al.  Visualization in modern cartography , 1994 .

[10]  Edward A. Fox,et al.  Advances in interactive digital multimedia systems , 1991, Computer.

[11]  David Fairbairn,et al.  Developing a variable-scale map projection for urban areas , 1995 .

[12]  Phillip J. Gersmehl,et al.  Choosing Tools: Nine Metaphors of Four-Dimensional Cartography , 1990 .

[13]  Ian N. Gregory,et al.  The Great Britain Historical GIS. , 2005 .

[14]  Alan M. MacEachren,et al.  Cartographic animation and legends for temporal maps : exporation and or interaction , 1997 .

[15]  David Fairbairn,et al.  The use of VRML for cartographic presentation , 1997 .

[16]  Mark Gillings Engaging Place: a Framework for the Integration and Realisation of Virtual-Reality Approaches in Archaeology , 1997 .